Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 инструкция обслуживания

1 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Microsoft SharePoi nt Serve r 201 0 Evalu ati on Guid e[...]

Copyright This is a preliminary document and may be changed substantially prior to final commercia l release of the so ftware de scribed h erein. The i nformati on contai ned in this docume nt repre sent s the curre nt vie w of Mic rosoft Corpora tion on t he is sues di scuss ed as of the d ate of public ation. B ecause Micros oft must re spond to [...]

www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Conten ts Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduc tio n ...........................................................................................................................[...]

2 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint External Content Types .................................................................................................................... 22 SharePoint Server and Offi ce Integration ................................................................................. 22 Managed Metadata Service ....................[...]

3 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Farm Backup and Restore .................................................................................................................... 45 Read - Only Databases ............................................................................................................................ 45 SQL Mirrorin g ......[...]

1 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Abstrac t This evaluation guide is designed to gi ve the IT pro an i ntroduc tion and overview of t he features in Microsoft ® Share Point® Server 2010 Beta that are most pertinent to installing, managing, and configuring the Sha rePoint farm. It begins with a b rief introduct ion a nd a summ ary of what’s new[...]

2 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint facilitated by a new , streaml ined Central Administration Web site, new capab ilities to manage and monitor the SharePoint farm , and Windows Power Shell ™ support , just to name a few featu res . • Scalable u nified i nfras tructur e that includes better control over server resour ces ( for exampl e, to impr[...]

3 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Sum mary of W hat’s New Microsoft ® SharePoint ® Server 2010 includes numerous new capabilitie s and features only s ome of which are hig hlighte d in thi s guide . Here is a brief summary o f what’s new. IT p ro p roducti vity SharePo int Best Practices Ana lyzer Back up and r estore c onfigu ration d ata S[...]

4 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Governa nce G overna nce in Mic rosoft® SharePoint® Server 2010 is the set o f ro les, resp onsibil ities, and processes that you put in place in an enterprise to guide the development and use of a sol ution bas ed o n S harePoi nt Server . There ar e several n ew featu res in Share Point Server that help the IT[...]

5 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint • Microsoft Win dows Serv er® 2008 64 - bit operating syste m with S ervi ce P ack 2 (SP2) or later OR Windows Server 2008 R2 • Microsoft SQL S erver ™ 2005 64 - bit wi th SP2 or later or SQL Server 2008 64 - bit • Microsoft . NET Framework 3.5 with SP1 ins talled Level 1 Internet browser op tions runni n[...]

6 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint better cho ice . By s cripting the ins tall ation, y ou can ens ure that all of your serv ers running ShareP oint Se rve r have identical confi gurations . Script ed install ation s ar e also advantageous from a disaster recovery pe rspective . If a server go es down, you can reinstall SharePoint Server quickly by[...]

7 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint • Featur es • Site definit ions • Langu age packs It will al so expose pote ntial issues , inclu ding: • Large list s • Data orphans • CAML views and CAML content types • Modified content databases that have improper sc hemas • Missing upgrade dependencies All of th is information will be collect e[...]

8 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint method would allow you to backup a Office SharePoint Server 2007 database and attach it to your ShareP oint Server 2010 Web application, SharePoint Server would then u pgrade this database and make it avail able through the Web application . Additionally there is support for single click install ations to be upgra[...]

9 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint administrator t o preview h ow the sit e looks with the S harePoi nt Server 2010 user interface bef ore committing to it. This setting is at the site level , allowing for a very granu lar, flexible experience. Figure 1: Visual Upgrade Options Upgrade Log ging The logging capabilities have be en expanded and standa[...]

10 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint is ready to be upg raded. He d oes discov er some is sues wher e he is not fo llowing SharePoint best practices around large lists , and is able to examine the list and find soluti ons. Be caus e preupgradecheck is a rea d - only to ol, it is safe for him to run it often , confirming his progress as he works to m[...]

11 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Server 2007 farm and set all of the content database to read - only from w ithi n SQL Server . Not on ly wi ll this set the data to read - only, preventing any data inconsis tency during the upgrade w indow, it will trim th e user interfa ce by taking away N ew or E dit function ality for all use rs, which helps [...]

12 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint mitig ation te chnique of usi ng a read - only database to avoid an outa ge whi le rolli ng in updates . SharePoint Central Admin istr ation Web Site The Central Administration Web site has be e n redesign ed in Micr osoft® SharePoi nt ® Server 2010 to provide a more familiar experience and make it easier for u[...]

13 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint each time . Now, u sers sim ply sele ct the W eb applic ation and then al l of the opti ons for managing the Web application can be accessed b y a single click. Figure 3: Ribbon Interfa ce In additi on to the m ore ob vious c hanges to the user interface, there ar e several n ew piec es of func tional ity hidi ng[...]

14 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 5: Backup and R estore Page A complete disaster recovery plan not only includes the ability to restore servers and databases but also how to recover sm aller un its of data like a single document. In the past , this scenario proved proble matic — reco vering a sin gle file o ften r equired an administrat[...]

15 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 6: Connect to a content database The s ecurity model in SharePoint Server 2010 has been expanded to allow administrators more control over the m anagement of service applications. In Office SharePoint Server 2007, farm adminis trators had the ability to manage services on the server. Farm administrators ca[...]

16 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 8: Applicatio n Management The key limita tion of th e SSP arch itecture was that it was configured by usin g a set of services , and all Web applicatio ns associated with the SSP bore the overhead of all the services ev en if th ey weren ’t being u sed . T o chan ge the servi ce configur atio n for a pa[...]

17 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint By publishin g a service a pplication, you c an share it across server far ms . This capability does not apply to all service applicatio ns , and some services can be shared only within a single server farm. Service s that support sharing across farms can be run in a central farm and consum ed from regi onal loc [...]

18 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Search Service Search u ses the new services architect u re descr ibed earlier . This new arc hitec ture allows farms to connec t to multi ple f arms to cons ume c ross - farm servic es . In large environm ents, an entire en terprise servic es farm — which is a fa rm that hosts the most commonl y use d cros s -[...]

19 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint present, and it is the responsibilit y of each cra wler to crawl content. Each crawler is a ssociated with a crawl database, and the crawl ed content and history are stored in the crawl database. M ultiple crawler s can be u sed to cr awl differen t conten t simul taneous ly . This imp roves performance and can a[...]

20 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Improving Search Perf ormance Many times the administrator is tasked with improving different aspe cts of the overall searc h proce ss. The followi ng table highl ights some options available to the administrator based on the new search architecture. Aspect to improve Action Full crawl tim e and result freshness [...]

21 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Preview; it will b e availab le with the p ublic Be ta. The F AST Sea rch Sit e template is included with the T echnica l P review . However , it will not func tion wi thout FAS T Se arch servers , so it should not be used with the Tec hnical Prev iew . Business Connecti vity Services Microsoft Bu siness Connect [...]

22 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint • Adding the Busin ess Data Connectivity service application by using the New button on the Manage Service Applications We b page ribbon in the Central Administration site as illustra ted ear lier. • Using W indow s Powe rShell . After the application has been c reated, the administrator will associate the ap[...]

23 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint 2010 , and other Office applications via c ustom code. SharePoint search can also use the BCS to index external data ; t heref ore, Of fic e applicati ons and S harePoi nt Server use th e BCS to access external data by using external content types. Managed Metadata Service The managed metadata service is a servic[...]

24 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 11 : Manage Terms Managed Me tadata S ervice Connectio n The connection provides access to the service. When you create a managed metadata service, a connection to the service is automatically created in the same Web applicat ion as the s ervice. Web ap plication s can have con nections to mu ltiple servic[...]

25 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Push - d own content type publis hing updates from the conte nt type galler y to subsites a nd li sts by using the con tent type Whether to update exis ting instances of the changed content types in subsites and libraries . Example Scenario Consider a company that has four departments: IT, HR, Products, and Le ga[...]

26 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Cardspace Geneva), and Windows Identity Foundation (formerly known as the Geneva Framework). Why use t his new syst em ? Identity drives very important aspects of an applicatio n su ch as id entify ing who t he use r is (authe ntica tion), w hat p ermi ssions t he user is granted (authorization), and how the appl[...]

27 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Category Functio nalit y Diagnostics Unified L ogging S erv ice (ULS) Usage d atabase Developer d ashboard Reliability and Monit oring ShareP oint Maint ena nce Engine (SPME) Rules System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) m onitoring Reporting Out - of - box u sage r eports SCOM r eports Figure 12 : Diagnostic Log[...]

28 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 13 : Crawl Activity Report Diagno stics The Unifi ed L ogging S ervice (ULS) in cludes impro vements to manageability, log file improve ments , corre lati on ID traci ng , and Windows Po werShell ™ scripting. Event throttling is one of the enhancements to manageabili ty . I t is conf igure d on the Diagn[...]

29 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint troubles hooti ng. Sha rePoi nt Server 2010 includes several Windows PowerShell cm dlets for ret rievi ng infor mation and confi guri ng the ULS. ShareP oint Server 2010 logs feature us age a nd perf ormance inform ation i nto the u sage database. This logging is done by the usage service applicati on, and is ena[...]

30 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint performance iss ues. This dashboard is disabled by default and can be enabled for each Web ap plic ation ind epende ntly through t he use of Win dows PowerS hell. Reliab ilit y an d M onito ring A new addition includes the Sha rePoint Mainte nance Eng ine (S PME). The S PME is a new and improved version of the Be[...]

31 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint grabs events from ULS, the Windo ws Event Log, u sage databas e , and SPME; and is i ntegrat ed with UL S. Remote B LOB Stor age For farms with large storage needs Microsoft® Shar ePoint ® Server 2010 has implement ed remote BLOB storage ( RBS ) . W ith RBS , it is possible to have BLOBs from the all_docs table[...]

32 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint any cur rent work when the server begins t o thro ttle requests . Any new HTTP GET and Sea rch Robot request s wi ll generate a 503 error message and will be logged in the event viewer . W hile th e server is in a thro ttling period , n o new timer jobs will be sta rted. Throttling can be configured per Web appli[...]

33 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint • The warning level for site adminis trators that their list is close to the threshold limit . This warning is displayed on the list settings page. The def ault value is 3,000 items. • The number of query results that can be displayed for a site administrator . This allows site administrators to acce ss a lar[...]

34 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint • Allowing o bject m odel over ride will allow for a query to be program matically written against a list where the query thres hold is not applied. • Enabling a daily time window for large queries will provide a way for administra tors to con figure a specific window of tim e where the query thres holds are [...]

35 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint A cmdlet is a simple command used for interaction with any managed applicati on , including the operating syste m. It is analogous to such shell commands as Cmd.exe, but the proce ss ing of Wi ndows P owerS hell com mands is very di fferent . The tradi tional shel l generally proces ses commands as separate execu[...]

36 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 18 : Windows PowerShell command As you c an see , Windows Powe rShell is not just a new comm and shell. It is a lso, and perhaps more i mporta ntly , a new sc ripti ng language. W indow s Pow erShe ll is install ed natively with over 100 core Windows c mdlets. The library of SharePoi nt Server 2010 cmdlets[...]

37 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 19 : Show H elp C ontent for Windows Power Shell Cmdlet s Scenario : Provisi oning of Managed Accounts Steve has j us t comple ted the ins tall ation of SharePoint Server 2010 and is preparing to config ure the f arm. H e has put in a r equest to the Active Directory administrators to have all necessary se[...]

38 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint dollar sign ( $) denotes a variab le in Windo ws Power Shell. The sem icolon ( ;) means "Y ou are done running this cmdlet, proces s the next cmdlet. " This is the same as starting a new line in Windo ws Po werShell. Get - Content user names.tx t This cmdl et r eads each li ne of the file U sername s . [...]

39 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint foreach ($sit e in (get - sp site - limit 5000000 - Web ap plication $ Web App)) { Write - Host "Activatin g feature " $s olutionName "o n" $site.u rl "..."; Write - Host s tsadm " - o activate feature - url" $site.u rl " - filen ame " $featur eFileName; stsadm - [...]

40 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint you to make the c hange y oursel f. This functional ity w ill gre atly re duce t he burde n on the Share Point f arm ad minis trator w ho is re sponsib le for mainta ining the se v arious accounts and shoul d pr event unne ces sary downtime due to e xpire d accounts . Backup a nd Restore Microsoft ® SharePoint ?[...]

41 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Window s Pow erShe ll is a com mand li ne tool that pr ovides Share Poin t a dministrators a way to perform backup and recovery with additional options such as file compre ssion or working w ith SQL s napshot s . Listed below a re a fe w of the b enefits a vailable wh en wor king with W indows Powe rShel l: • W[...]

42 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 21 : Back up a sit e collection The same operation can be completed by us ing the Backup - SPS ite Wind ows PowerS hell comma nd . Note that additional parame ters are av ailable, inclu ding using a SQL s napshot . Figure 22 : Windows P owerShell co mmand fo r back in g up a site To res tore the site c oll[...]

43 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 23 : Export a site or list in the use r interface Similar to t he s ite c ollection bac kup, Wi ndows Powe rShel l provi des some additional param eters , including the use of SQL snapshots , compre ssi on, and logg ing. Figure 24 : Export a site or list in Windows PowerShell To resto re the site or list, [...]

44 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint or export i s fi nishe d , they can the restore that content to the appropriate place in their SharePoint site and delete the restored database . Figure 25 : Recover data from an un attache d database After you point to the unattached content da tabase you wil l be able to br owse, back up , or export t he conte [...]

45 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Scenar i o: Using Win dows PowerShel l to S cript B acking U p A ll S ite C ollectio ns I ndividually Jennif er is an overl y cautious S harePoi nt adm inis trator w ho doesn’ t have c omple te fa ith in the database backups that are being performed each night by her database administrators . She would pr efe r[...]

46 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint administrators . This feature will provide the tools to help mitigate downtime during upgrades and server maintenance . For exampl e, a secondary farm can be created and log shi pping c an be used t o keep i t current w ith the producti on env ironm ent . DNS can then be updated to point to the secondary environm[...]

47 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint SQL Sna pshots ShareP oint Server 2010 backup and export take advantage of SQL s napshots . When a Window s Pow erShe ll command i s run by usi ng a SQL s napshot th e first thing that happens is that a snapshot of the database i s created and then the remaining comma nd is executed against the SQL s naps hot . T[...]

48 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint • All site co llections for a single site subscriptio n must reside in the same W eb applicatio n. • Multiple site subscripti ons can be ho sted in a sin gle Web applicatio n. Multip le site subscriptions can share the same database. • Administrators define which se rvices are available and activated for ea[...]

49 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Install s or re moves features and sol utions Configures features and s ervices Reviews u sage statistics Tenants administe r their sites by using a site template titled Tenant Administrati on , which is a ssociated wit h a subscriptio n ID. This sit e template i s hidden a nd can be granted to tenants only by a [...]

50 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint Figure 28 : The me in Share Point Server 2010 SharePoint Designer ShareP oint De signe r is a pow erful tool for c ustomiz ing Share Point s ite s and ad ding functi onality . Wi th any tool deploy ed i n an organiz ation, ap plyi ng an e ffe ctive governanc e pla n is ke y to ensuri ng res ponsib le us e of the [...]

51 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint • Enab le Managin g of the Web S ite URL S tructur e: Specifies whether site administrator s can manage the URL structure of thei r site. Figure 29 : SharePoint Desi gner Settings Master Pages While Share Point Se rver 2010 still relies on master pages for implementing a custom look and feel to sit es , there h[...]

52 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint style the page by usi ng a custom theme . It should be noted tha t cust omizi ng application.master was not recommended because i n the event that something unfortunate happened to this mas ter page, none of the system settings for a site could be accessed . Not onl y does S harePoi nt Server 2010 add greater fle[...]

53 www .micros oft.c om/sha repoint connect to exi sting source s of inf ormation . With the m ulti - tenancy feature, organiza tio ns have more cont rol wi th hoste d envi ronments (from the hos ting si de of things in addition to the client side). For an administrator, this rel ease has made drastic improvements toward a solution that is not only[...]