HP EliteBook 850 G1 инструкция обслуживания

HP EliteBook 820 Notebook PC Front/Left 1. WLAN antennas (2) 13. Right pointing stick button 2. WWAN antennas (2) 14. Left pointing stick button 3. Internal microphones (2) 15. Hard drive light 4. Webcam (select models only) 16. AC adapter/Battery light 5. Webcam light (select models only) 17. Power light 6. Internal display switch 18. Wireless lig[...]

Right 1. Audio-out (headphone) jack/Audio-in(microphone) jack 5. Drop-jaw Ethernet port (RJ-45) 2. DisplayPort 6. Docking port 3. USB 3.0 ports (2) 7. Power connector 4. Memory card reader QuickSpecs HP EliteBook 820 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 840 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 850 G1 Notebook PC Overview DA - 14687 Canada — Version 10 — February[...]

Bottom 1. EasyAccess panel 3. Vents (2) 2. EasyAccess panel release lock HP EliteBook 840 Notebook PC QuickSpecs HP EliteBook 820 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 840 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 850 G1 Notebook PC Overview DA - 14687 Canada — Version 10 — February 7, 2014 Page 3[...]

Front/Left 1. WLAN antennas (2) 13. Right pointing stick button 2. WWAN antennas (2) 14. Left pointing stick button 3. Internal microphones (2) 15. Hard drive light 4. Webcam (select models only) 16. AC adapter/Battery light 5. Webcam light (select models only) 17. Power light 6. Internal display switch 18. Wireless light 7. Wireless button 19. Sma[...]

Right 1. Audio-out (headphone) jack/Audio-in(microphone) jack 5. Drop-jaw Ethernet port (RJ-45) 2. DisplayPort 6. Docking port 3. Memory card reader 7. Power connector 4. USB 3.0 ports (2) QuickSpecs HP EliteBook 820 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 840 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 850 G1 Notebook PC Overview DA - 14687 Canada — Version 10 — February[...]

Bottom 1. Accessory battery connector 4. Service door release lock 2. EasyAccess panel 5. Vents (2) 3. EasyAccess panel release latch 6. SIM slot * * Supports full-size 2FF (mini-SIM card) HP EliteBook 850 Notebook PC QuickSpecs HP EliteBook 820 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 840 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 850 G1 Notebook PC Overview DA - 14687 Canad[...]

Front/Left 1. WLAN antennas (2) 13. Right pointing stick button 2. WWAN antennas (2) 14. Left pointing stick button 3. Internal microphones (2) 15. Hard drive light 4. Webcam (select models only) 16. AC adapter/Battery light 5. Webcam light (select models only) 17. Power light 6. Internal display switch 18. Wireless light 7. Wireless button 19. Sma[...]

Right 1. Audio-out (headphone) jack/Audio-in(microphone) jack 5. Drop-jaw Ethernet port (RJ-45) 2. DisplayPort 6. Docking port 3. Memory card reader 7. Power connector 4. USB 3.0 ports (2) QuickSpecs HP EliteBook 820 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 840 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 850 G1 Notebook PC Overview DA - 14687 Canada — Version 10 — February[...]

Bottom 1. EasyAccess panel 3. Vents (2) 2. EasyAccess panel release lock QuickSpecs HP EliteBook 820 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 840 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 850 G1 Notebook PC Overview DA - 14687 Canada — Version 10 — February 7, 2014 Page 9[...]

At A Glance Windows 8 versions, Windows 7 versions, SUSE Linux, or FreeDOS Lync certified Magnesium and aluminum chassis, HP DuraFinish, HP DisplaySafe frame, HP duraKeys, precision aluminum drop hinge, aluminum palm rest Full-sized spill-resistant keyboard; optional back-lit keyboard keeps you productive in low-light settings Ensured durability th[...]

PRODUCT NAMES HP EliteBook 820 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 840 G1 Notebook PC HP EliteBook 850 G1 Notebook PC OPERATING SYSTEM Preinstalled Windows 8 Pro 64* Windows 7 Professional (available through downgrade rights from Windows 8 Pro)** Windows 8 64* Windows 7 Professional 32*** Windows 7 Professional 64*** Windows 7 Home Premium 32*** Windows 7 [...]

INTEL TURBO BOOST TECHNOLOGY * Intel Turbo Boost is a feature that speeds up the CPU for a short time. It is similar to overclocking the processor, except within a framework provided by Intel. This feature provides additional performance and allows the computer to perform certain tasks more quickly. It also draws additional power and generates addi[...]

GRAPHICS Integrated: Intel® HD Graphics 4400 Discrete * : AMD Radeon™ HD 8750M ** , with 1 GB dedicated DDR5 video memory *** * HP EliteBook 840 and 850 only. ** HD content required to view HD images. *** AMD Dynamic Switchable Graphics technology requires an Intel processor, plus an AMD Radeon™ discrete graphics configuration and is not avail[...]

NOTE: Resolutions are dependent upon monitor capability, and resolution and color depth settings. HP EliteBook 850 Internal 15.6" diagonal LED-backlit HD anti-glare SVA flat (1366 x 768) 15.6" diagonal LED-backlit FHD anti-glare SVA slim(1920 x 1080) External Up to 32-bit per pixel color depth VGA Port supports resolutions up to 1920 x 12[...]

FLASH CACHE 32 GB M.2 (NGFF) Optional 32 GB M.2 flash cache module support for Intel Smart Response Technology. (Available only with standard non-SED hard drive.) MEMORY Standard DDR3L SDRAM (1600 MHz) Two SODIMM slots supporting dual-channel memory 4 GB and 8 GB* SODIMMs Maximum Upgradeable to 16384 MB with optional 8192 MB SODIMMs in slots 1 and [...]

Intel® Clarkville (I218-LM) Gigabit * Network Connection (10/100/1000 NIC) * The term "10/100/1000" or "Gigabit" Ethernet indicates compatibility with IEEE standard 802.3ab for Gigabit Ethernet, and does not connote actual operating speed of 1 Gb/s. For high-speed transmission, connection to a Gigabit Ethernet server and networ[...]

BIOS HP BIOSphere * HP Sure Start ** HP DriveLock | HP Automatic Drive Lock HP BIOS Protection *** HP Disk Sanitizer **** HP SpareKey ***** Update via Network Master Record Security Power On Authentication Pre-Boot Security Secure Erase ****** Hybrid Boot Measured Boot Secure Boot Absolute Persistence Module ******* * Available only on business PCs[...]

HP Recovery Manager (Windows 8 only) HP Support Assistant W8 HP Recovery Disc Creator (Windows 7 only) UEFI System Diagnostics W8 3rd Party Adobe® Flash Player (Commercial) Bing Search Skype ****** Buy Office Lync certified ****** * NOTE: HP Recovery Manager enables fast recovery of the factory preinstalled image if the system becomes corrupted or[...]

availability outside the U.S. * Requires Windows. Data is protected prior to Drive Encryption login. Turning the PC off or into hibernate logs out of Drive Encryption and prevents data access. ** For the use cases outlined in the DOD 5220.22-M Supplement. Supports standard Hard Drives. Initial setup required. *** Opt in and internet connection requ[...]

Power cord is configurable; either 3.2 feet or 6 feet (1.0 or 1.8 meter) Total length including external AC adapter is 9.2 feet or 12 feet (2.86 or 3.66 meter). HP EliteBook 820 Notebook PC Primary Battery 3-cell HP Long Life 26 WHr 3-cell HP Long Life 46 WHr HP EliteBook 840 Notebook PC Primary Battery 3-cell HP Long Life 24WHr 3-cell HP Long Life[...]

* Battery life will vary depending on various factors including product model, configuration, loaded applications, features, use, wireless functionality, and power management settings. The maximum capacity of the battery will naturally decrease with time and usage. See www.bapco.com for additional details. ** Standby life will vary depending on var[...]

PORTS/SLOTS Ports USB 3.0 - Two for EliteBook 820, Three for EliteBook 840 and EliteBook 850 USB 3.0 (charging) - One DisplayPort 1.2 - One VGA - One Headphone/Microphone combo port - One RJ-45 (Ethernet) - One Power connector - One Side docking connector - One Secondary battery connector * - One Expansion Slots Media Card Reader - supports SD, SDH[...]

SYSTEM UNIT Stand-Alone Power Requirements (AC Power) Nominal Operating Voltage TBD V Average Operating Power Windows 7 (64-bit) Windows8 (64-bit) EliteBook 820 Integrated graphics TBD W TBD W EliteBook 840 Discrete graphics TBD W TBD W EliteBook 840 Integrated graphics TBD W TBD W EliteBook 850 Discrete graphics TBD W TBD W EliteBook 850 Discrete [...]

BNCI or BELUS Yes CIT Yes GOST Yes Saudi Arabian Compliance (ICCP) Yes SABS Yes UKRSERTCOMPUTER Yes * Configurations of the HP EliteBook 820, HP EliteBook 840 and HP EliteBook 850 that are ENERGY STAR® qualified are identified as HP EliteBook 820 ENERGY STAR, HP EliteBook 840 ENERGY STAR and HP EliteBook 850ENERGY STAR on HP websites and on www.en[...]

12.5" diagonal LED- backlit HD Premium anti- glare UWVA slim (1366 x 768) Outline Dimensions (W x H x D) 11.46 x 7.14 x 0.112 in (29.1 x18.14 x 0.285 cm) Active Area 10.85 x 6.1 in (27.559 x 15.494 cm) Weight 0.49 lb (220g) (max) Diagonal Size 12.5 in (35.75 cm) Surface Treatment Anti-glare Contrast Ratio 500:1 (min) Refresh Rate 60 Hz Brightn[...]

14" diagonal LED-backlit HD+ anti-glare SVA flat (1600 x 900) Outline Dimensions (W x H x D) 12.6 x 8.09 x 0.14 in (32.09 x 20.56 x 0.36 cm) Active Area 12.19 x 6.86 in (30.96 x 17.415 cm) Weight 0.72 lb (325 g) (max) Diagonal Size 14.0 in (35.6cm) Surface Treatment Anti-glare Contrast Ratio 300:1 (min) Refresh Rate 60 Hz Brightness 250 nit (t[...]

14" diagonal LED-backlit FHD anti-glare UWVA slim (1920 x 1080) Outline Dimensions (W x H x D) 12.6 x 8.09 x 0.12 in (32.09 x 20.56 x 0.3 cm) Active Area 12.18 x 6.85 in (30.93 x 17.4 cm) Weight 0.75 lb (340 g) (max) Diagonal Size 14.0 in (35.6cm) Surface Treatment Anti-glare Contrast Ratio 600:1 (min) Refresh Rate 60 Hz Brightness 300 nit (ty[...]

15.6" diagonal LED- backlit FHD anti-glare SVA flat (1920 x 1080) Outline Dimensions (W x H x D) 14.17 x 8.83 x 0.15 in (36.0 x 22.43 x 0.32 cm) Active Area 13.55 x 7.62 in (34.42 x 19.36 cm) Weight < 0.84 lb (380 g) (max) Diagonal Size 15.6 in (39.62 cm) Surface Treatment Anti-glare Contrast Ratio 400:1 (typical) Refresh Rate 60 Hz Brightn[...]

500 GB * 5400 rpm SATA Hard Drive Drive Weight 0.22 lb (101 g) Capacity 500 GB Height 0.37 in (9.5 mm) Width 2.75 in (70 mm) Interface ATA-8, SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s, NCQ Transfer Rate Synchronous (maximum) 300 MB/s (Drive Capability) Seek Time (typical reads, including settling) Single Track 3 ms Average 13 ms Maximum 24 ms Rotational Speed 5400 rpm Lo[...]

500 GB * 5400 rpm SATA FIPS ** Hard Drive Drive Weight 0.25 lbs (95g) Capacity 500 GB Height 0.28 in (7 mm) Width 2.75 in (70 mm) Interface ATA-8, SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s, NCQ Transfer Rate Synchronous (maximum) 300 MB/s (Drive Capability) Seek Time (typical reads, including settling) Single Track 1.5 ms Average 11 ms Maximum 22 ms Cache 16 MB Rotationa[...]

500 GB * 7200 rpm SATA Hard Drive Drive Weight 0.25 lbs (115g) Capacity 500 GB Height 0.37 in (9.5 mm) Width 2.75 in (70 mm) Interface ATA-8, SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s, NCQ Transfer Rate Synchronous (maximum) 300 MB/s (Drive Capability) Seek Time (typical reads, including settling) Single Track 1.5 ms Average 11 ms Maximum 22 ms Rotational Speed 7200 rpm [...]

SATA 6 Gb/s 128 GB * , 2.5- inch Solid State Drive Drive Weight 73 Grams Capacity 128 GB Height 0.276 in (7 mm) Width 2.76 in (70 mm) Interface SATA 3 (6 Gb/s) Performance Maximum Sequential Read Maximum Sequential Write 415 MB/s 175 MB/s Logical Blocks 250,069,680 Operating Temperature 32° to 158°F (0° to 70°C) [case temp] Features ATA Securit[...]

SATA 6 Gb/s 256 GB * , 2.5- inch SATA SED Solid State Drive Drive Weight 73 Grams Capacity 256 GB Height 0.276 in (7 mm) Width 2.76 in (70 mm) Interface SATA 3 (6 Gb/s) Performance Maximum Sequential Read Maximum Sequential Write Up to 460 MB/s Up to 260 MB/s Logical Blocks 500,118,192 Operating Temperature 32° to 158°F (0° to 70°C) [case temp][...]

HP Fingerprint Reader (optional) Mobile Voltage Operation 3.0V-3.6V Operating Temperature 14° - 167°F (-10° - 75°C) Current Consumption Image 36 mA peak Low Latency Wait for Finger 950 uA Capture Rate 3000. lines/sec ESD Resistance IEC 61000-4-2 4B (±15KV) Detection Matrix 200*1 (plus another secondary line) 508 dpi 12*3 mm sensor area Smart C[...]

iManufacturer/iProduct/Serial Number), Direct Web Page Link, and accessing memory card module. EEPROM programmable via USB interface Support software update for memory card module Support Direct Web Page Link via configuration in external EEPROM Support short APDU and extended APDU Compatible with Microsoft USB-CCID driver Support remote wake up th[...]

Power Consumption, Sleep Mode 5 mA Power Management USB selective suspend; Integrated notebook wireless button Antenna Type Dual high efficiency 5 band antennae with spatial diversity, mounted in the display enclosure Form Factor PCI-Express MiniCard, USB 2.0 interface Weight <6 g Dimensions (Length x Width x Thickness) 2.01 x 1.18 x 0.18 in (42[...]

WCDMA: +23 dBm (+/- 1 dBm) GSM850/900, GMSK: +32dBm (+/- 1dBm) GSM850/900, 8PSK: +27dBm (+/- 1dBm) DCS1800 / PCS 1900, GMSK: +29dBm (+/- 1dBm) DCS1800 / PCS 1900, 8PSK: +26dBm (+/- 1dBm) CDMA: +24dBm (+/- 1dBm) Maximum Power Consumption LTE: 1,200 mA (peak); <900 mA (average) WCDMA: 1,100 mA (peak); <800 mA (average) EGPRS: 2,500 mA (peak); &[...]

5.47 - 5.725 GHz 5.825 - 5.850 GHz 2.402 - 2.482 GHz Data Rates 802.11a: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps 802.11b: 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps 802.11g: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps 802.11n: MCS 0 ~ MCS 15, (20MHz, and 40MHz) Modulation Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum BPSK, QPSK, CCK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM Security 1 IEEE and WiFi compliant 64 / 128 bit WEP e[...]

Weight 3.1g Operating Voltage 3.3v +/- 9% Temperature Operating Non-operating 14° to 158° F (-10° to 70° C) -40° to 176° F (-40° to 80° C) Humidity Operating Non-operating 10% to 90% (non-condensing) 5% to 95% (non-condensing) Altitude Operating Non-operating 0 to 10,000 ft (3,048 m) 0 to 50,000 ft (15,240 m) LED Activity LED Off - Radio OF[...]

Bluetooth Profiles Supported Generic Access Profile (GAP) Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP) Serial Port Profile (SPP) Dial_Up Networking Profile (DUN) Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP) Object Push Profile (OPP) File Transfer Profile (FTP) Synchronization Profile (SYNC) Hard Copy Cable Replacement (HCRP) Personal Area Networking Prof[...]

WPA2 certification IEEE 802.11i Cisco Certified Extensions, all versions through CCX4 and CCX Lite WAPI Sub-channels Multinational support with frequency bands and channels compliant to local regulations. Network Architecture Models Ad-hoc (Peer to Peer) Infrastructure (Access Point Required) Roaming IEEE 802.11 compliant roaming between band Acces[...]

error rate of 10% for 802.11a/g (OFDM modulation). 5. WLAN supplier's client utility is required for Cisco Compatible Extensions support with Microsoft Windows XP. WLAN may also be compatible with certain third-party software supplicants. WLAN supplier IHV extensions required for Cisco Compatible Extensions support for Microsoft Windows Vista.[...]

Human Interface Device Profile (HID) 1,2 FAX Profile (FAX) Basic Imaging Profile (BIP) 2 Headset Profile (HSP) Hands Free Profile (HFP) Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) 1. indicates the profile is supported by Microsoft Windows XP SP2 2. indicates the profile is part of Windows Vista * Wireless access point and internet service required. [...]

Output Power 2 2.4G: +13.5dBm minimum 5G: +12dBm minimum Maximum output power must be able to achieve modular regulatory certification with notebooks that have antennas >20cm from the user and peak gain of +3dBi at 2.4GHz and +4dBi at 5GHz Power Consumption Transmit: 2.0 W (max) Receive: 1.6 W (max) Idle mode (PSP): 250 mW (WLAN Associated) Idle[...]

Data Rates and Throughput 3 Mbps data rate; throughput up to 2.17 Mbps Synchronous Connection Oriented links up to 3, 64 kbps, voice channels Asynchronous Connection Less links 2178.1 kbps/177.1 kbps asymmetric or 1306.9 kbps symmetric Transmit Power -6 dBm to 4 dBm (Bluetooth Class II) Receiver Sensitivity Better than -80 dBM at 0.1 % raw bit erro[...]

* Wireless access point and internet service required. Availability of public wireless access points limited. The specifications for the 802.11ac WLAN are draft specifications and are not final. If the final specifications differ from the draft specifications, it may affect the ability of the notebook to communicate with other 802.11ac WLAN devices[...]

Power Consumption Transmit: 2.0 Watts Receive: 1.6 Watts Idle mode 3 : 250 mW (WLAN Associated) Idle mode: 100 mW (WLAN unassociated) Radio off: 75 mW Power Management ACPI and PCI Express compliant power management 802.11 compliant power saving mode Receiver Sensitivity 4 802.11g:-90 dBm (6 Mbps), -89 dBm (9 Mbps), -87 dBm (12 Mbps), -85 dBm (18 M[...]

Hardware Implementation IDT 92HD91 Function Key Volume Controls Volume up, volume down, and mute Full Duplex Yes Microphone In Stereo Headphone/Line Out Stereo Integrated Microphone Yes, dual digital microphone array when equipped with optional webcam Audio Output Quality Frequency Response 20 Hz - 20 kHz Signal to Noise Ratio >85 dB Total Harmo[...]

Humidity 0% to 95% Storage Humidity 0% to 95% EMI and Safety Certifications CE Mark - full compliance with LVD and EMC directives; Worldwide safety standards - IEC60950, EN60950, UL60950, Class1, SELV; Agency approvals - C-UL-US, NORDICS, DENAN, EN55022 Class B, FCC Class B, CISPR22 Class B, CCC, NOM-1 NYCE; Reliability - failure rate of less than [...]

HP 65W Smart AC Adapter Dimensions 4.17 x 1.85 x 1.1 in (10.6 x 4.7 x 2.8 cm) Weight 0.62 lb (280 g) Input 100 to 240 VAC Input Efficiency 87% min at 115 VAC Input frequency range 47 to 63 Hz Input AC current 1.7 A at 90 VAC, 0.85 A at 180 VAC Output Output power 65W DC output 18.5V Hold-up time 5 msec at 115 VAC input Output current limit <11A,[...]

3-cell HP Long Life (26WHr) Lithium-Ion Polymer Dimensions (H x W x L) 0.85 x 1.76 x 10.59 in (2.16 x 4.46 x 26.9cm) Weight 168.5 g Cells/Type 3-cell Lithium-Ion Polymer Energy Voltage 11.1 Amp-hour capacity 4.4Ah Watt-hour capacity 26.3Wh Temperature Operating (Charging) 32° to 113° F (0° to 45° C) Operating (Discharging) 14° to 122° F(-10°[...]

3-cell HP Long Life (50WHr) Lithium-Ion Polymer Dimensions (H x W x L) 0.85 x 1.76 x 10.59 in (2.16 x 4.46 x 26.9 cm) Weight 262 g Cells/Type 3-cell Lithium-Ion Polymer Energy Voltage 11.1 Amp-hour capacity 4.4Ah Watt-hour capacity 50Wh Temperature Operating (Charging) 32° to 113° F (0° to 45° C) Operating (Discharging) 14° to 122° F(-10° to[...]

ENVIRONMENTAL Eco-Label Certifications & Declarations This product has received or is in the process of being certified to the following approvals and may be labeled with one or more of these marks: IT ECO declaration US ENERGY STAR® EPEAT Gold registered in the United States. See http://www.epeat.net for registration status in your country. S[...]

Declared Noise Emissions (in accordance with ISO 7779 and ISO 9296) Sound Power (LWAd, bels) Sound Pressure (LpAm, decibels) Typically Configured - Idle 2.96 23 Fixed Disk - Random writes 3.13 24 Batteries This battery(s) in this product comply with EU Directive 2006/66/EC Batteries used in the product do not contain: Mercury greater the1ppm by wei[...]

HP EliteBook 840 G1 Notebook PC Energy Consumption (in accordance with US ENERGY STAR® test method) 115VAC, 60Hz 230VAC, 50Hz 100VAC, 60Hz Normal Operation 5.51 W 5.15 W 5.36 W Sleep 0.85 W 0.88 W 0.85 W Off 0.36 W 0.36 W 0.35 W NOTE: Energy efficiency data listed is for an ENERGY STAR® compliant product if offered within the model family. HP com[...]

This product contains 9.3% post-consumer recycled plastic (by wt.) This product is 98.1% recycle-able when properly disposed of at end of life. Packaging Materials External: PAPER/Corrugated 539.5 g Internal: PLASTIC/EPE (Expanded Polyethylene) 49.5 g PLASTIC/Polyethylene low density 26 g The PAPER/Corrugated packaging material is made from 80 % re[...]

Battery type: Additional Information This product is in compliance with the Restrictions of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive - 2011/65/EC. This HP product is designed to comply with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive - 2002/96/EC. This product is in compliance with California Proposition 65 (State of California; Saf[...]

Radioactive Substances Tributyl Tin (TBT), Triphenyl Tin (TPT), Tributyl Tin Oxide (TBTO) Packaging Usage HP follows these guidelines to decrease the environmental impact of product packaging: Eliminate the use of heavy metals such as lead, chromium, mercury and cadmium in packaging materials. Eliminate the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) i[...]

Type Description Part # Cases HP Essential Top Load Case (up to 15.6") H2W17AA#xxx HP Business Top Load Case H5M92AA HP Business Slim Top Load Case H5M91AA HP Professional Series Carrying Case (up to 15.6") H4J90AA HP Professional Slim Top Load Case (up to 17.3") H4J91AA HP Professional Leather Case (up to 17.3") H4J94AA Docking[...]

Storage - External Storage HP Mobile USB DVDRW Non-LS A2U57AA Storage - SSD HP 180GB * Solid State Drive H4T75AA HP 256GB * SED Solid State Drive H2C38AA * For hard drives and solid state drives, GB = 1 billion bytes. Actual formatted capacity is less. Up to 16 GB (for Windows 7) and 36 GB (for Windows 8) of system disk is reserved for the system r[...]