Maxtor Computer Drive manual

DiamondMax 8S 40GB Ser ial A T A Pr oduct Man ual May 13, 2005 Revision 1 Part Number: 000001912[...]

Maxtor ® Cor poration, Ma y 13, 2005. All r ights reserv ed. Pr inted in U .S .A. This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographi cal er r or s. Changes ar e per iodically made to the infor mation herein – which will be incor p orated in re vised editions of the publication. Maxtor ma y make cha nges or impr o v ements in the[...]

This pr oduct or document is protected b y cop yr i ght and distr ibuted under licences restr icting its use , copying, distr ibuting, and decompilation. No par t of this product or document ma y be r epro- duced in any for m by an y means without pr ior wr i tten author ization of Maxt or and its licensor s, if any . RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use [...]

Please do not remo ve or co v er up Maxtor fa ctor y-in sta lled dr iv e labels. They contain infor m ation required should the dr iv e ev er need r epair .Thank y ou for your inter est in Maxtor hard disk dr iv es. This manual pr o- vides technical infor mation for OEM eng ineer s and systems integ rator s re garding the instal lation and use of M[...]

Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA i TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 MAXTOR CORPORATION ........... ....................... ....................... .................... .. 1-1 1.2 AUDIENCE ..... .................... ............. ..................... ............ ..................... ............. .... 1-1 1.3 MANUAL ORGANIZATION........[...]

Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 4 0GB SATA ii Chapter 4 INSTALLATION 4.1 SPACE REQUIREMENTS ......... ............. ....................... .................... ............. ....... 4-1 4.2 UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS .................... ....................... ....................... ......... 4-2 4.3 HARDWARE OPTIONS ................ ....................... ..[...]

Table of Contents Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4-1 Mechanical Dimensions.......... ....................... ....................... ....................... ..4-1 Figure 4-2 Single Pack Shipping Container . ............ ............ ........ ..................... ............... 4-2 Figure 4-3 25-Pack Shipping Container .[...]

Table of Contents Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA iv LIST OF TABLES Table 4-1 SATA Pin 11 Configuration.... ....................... ....................... .......................... ........4-5 Table 4-2 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions .............. ......................... ...........................4-12 Table 4-3 Logical Addressing Form..[...]

Introduction Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Maxtor Corporation Maxtor corporatio n is one of the world’s largest suppl iers of hard disk drive products- products that help store the digit al world for millions of users. Maxtor product s serve a range of markets, including personal and en tertainm ent, small office/h[...]

Introduction Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 1-2 •C h a p t e r 5 – SATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands • Chapter 6 – Service and Sup port • Glossary 1.4 TERMINOLOGY AND CONVENTIONS In the Glossary at the back of this manual, you can find definitions for many of the terms used in this manual. In a ddition, th e following abbreviation s are[...]

Introduction Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 1-3 • NCQ Native Command Queuin g • SATA Serial ATA • SOF Start Of Frame • tpi tracks per inch • µs microseconds •V v o l t s The typographical and naming conventions us ed in this manual are listed below. Conventions that are unique to a specific table appear in the notes that follow that ta[...]

Introduction Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 1-4 Attachment, visit the Serial ATA working group at http:/ /www.serialata.org[...]

General Description Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 2-1 Chapter 2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Maxtor drive leadership continues with the DiamondMax 8S 40GB Serial ATA drive - a single head, 7200RPM product. Th e DiamondMax 8S 40GB Serial ATA drives combine performance and value with the Serial ATA interface making a perfect choice fo[...]

General Description Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 2-2 • Low weight to reduce sh ipping costs • Improved reliability with: ~ Shock Pro tection System ~ Data Protection System 2.2 THE SERIAL ATA INTERFACE Serial ATA is the next generati on ATA interface. It provides faster data transfer speeds, more bandwidth, more potent ial for speed increases[...]

General Description Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 2-3 • Emulation of IBM ® PC AT ® task file register, and all AT fixed disk commands • Windows 2000 TM , WinXP, and 9X Certification Performance • Native Command Queuing •1 0 . 1 m s s e e k t i m e • Average rotational latency of 4.17ms • 2 M B b u f f e r w i t h 1 . 9 M B ( a p p r [...]

General Description Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 2-4 2.4 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE STANDARDS Maxtor Corpor ation’s disk drive prod ucts meet all domestic and int ernational product safety regulatory co mpliance requirements. Maxtor’s di sk drive products conform to the following specifically mark ed Product Safety Standards: • Underwriters Labo[...]

Product Specifications Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 3-1 Chapter 3 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS 3.1 Models and Capacities 3.2 Drive Configuration MODEL NUMBER S NON ROHS COMPLIANT R OHS COMPLIANT * 6E040T0 6N040T0* Formatted Capacity (GB LBA Mode) 40GB GB means 1 billion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. * Compl[...]

Product Specifications Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 3-2 3.3 Performance Specifications 3.4 Physical Dimensions Recording Density (kbp i, ID/OD) ID = 713 OD = 560 Track Density (ktpi) 88.7 MODEL 6E040T0 40GB Seek Times (typical read, ms) Track-to-Track Seek 0.8 Average (normal seek) ≤ 10.1 Full Stroke (normal seek) ≤ 18.0 Average Latency (m s)[...]

Product Specifications Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 3-3 3.5 Power Requir ements Note: Power numbers are typical values. 3.6 Power Mode Definitions Spin-up The disk drive is spinning up following init ial applicati on of power and has not yet reached full speed. Seek A random access operation by the drive. Read/Write Data is being randomly read fr[...]

Product Specifications Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 3-4 3.7 EPA Energy Star Compliance Maxtor Corporation supports the goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star prog ram to reduce the electrical power consumption of computer equipment. 3.8 Environmental Limits Notes: 1. Margin Demonstrated implies the produc t will operate[...]

Product Specifications Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 3-5 3.9 Shock and Vibration P ARAMETER OPERA TING NON-OPERA TING Mechanical Shock R=0.988/shock at 60 Gs; R= 0.999/shock at 30 Gs 2 msec, 1/2 sine R=0.90@>= 300G R=0.95@>= 250G R=0.99@>= 200G Rotational Shock R=0.988 @ 2000 rad/sec 2 R =0.95 @ 20K rad/sec 2 ,1ms in put R=0.99 @ 15K ra d[...]

Product Specifications Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 3-6 3.10 Reliability Specifications Annualized Return Rate <1.0% Annualized Return Rate (ARR) indicates the average against products shipp ed. ARR includes a ll reasons for retu rns (failures, handling, damage, NDF) but does not include inventory credit returns. Load/Unload Cycles 50,000 This[...]

Product Specifications Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 3-7 3.12 Safety Regulatory Compliance All Maxtor hard drives comply with relevant product sa fety standards such as CE, CUL, TUV and UL rules and regulations. As delivered, Maxtor hard drives are designed for system integration before they are used. 3.13 RoHS Compliance Versions of DiamondMax 8S[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-1 Chapter 4 INSTALLATION This chapter explains how to unpack, co nfigure, moun t, and connect the Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA hard disk drive prior to operat ion. It also explains how to start up and ope rate the drive. 4.1 SPACE REQUIREMENTS The Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA hard disk drives are sh[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-2 4.2 UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS 1. Open the shipping container and rem ove the packin g assembly that contains the drive. 2. Remove the drive from the packing assembly. 3. When you are ready to install the drive, remove it from the ESD bag. Figure 4-2 Single Pack Shipping Container CAUTION: The maximum lim[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-3 Figure 4-3 25 Pack Shipping Container[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-4 4.3 HARDWARE OPTIONS The configuration of a Maxtor Diam ondMax 8S 40GB SATA hard disk drive depends on the host system in whic h it is to be installed. Thi s section describes the hardware options th at you must take into acco unt prior to installation . 4.3.1 Jumper Position The DiamondMax 8S 40GB S [...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-5 Figure 4-4 DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA Power/Interface Connector[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-6 For systems using Serial ATA cables, the Serial ATA II specification mandates that host systems connecting to disk drives using SATA cables must ground Pin 11, resulting in disabling staggered spin-u p. Typical desktop systems use this configuration. In backplane (non-cabled) environments or other sy [...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-7 4.4 MOUNTING Drive mounting orientation, clearance, an d ventilation requirements are described in the followin g subsections. 4.4.1 Orientation The mounting holes on the Maxtor Diam ondMax 8S 40GB SATA hard disk drives allow the drive to be mounted in any orient ation. Figure 4-5 shows the location o[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-8 Clearance from the drive to any other surf ace (except mounting surfaces) must be a minimum of 1.25 mm (0.05 inches). Figure 4-6 Mounting Dimensions and Clearance[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-9 4.4.2 Ventilation The Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA ha rd disk drives operate without a cooling fan, provided the ambient air temperature does not exceed 140 ° F (60 ° C). 4.5 COMMBINATION CONNECTOR (J1) The DiamondMax 8S 40GB SA T A is equi pped with a s e r i a l ATA i n t e r f a c e connector w[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-10 4.6 FOR SYSTEMS WITH A MOTHERBOARD CO NTAINING AN EMBEDDED SATA HOST You can install the Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA ha rd disk drive in a SATA compatible system that co ntains a SATA bus connector on the motherboard. To connect the DiamondMax hard disk drive to the motherboard use a SATA cable to[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-11 Table 4-2 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions Note 1. 3.3V power is not used by DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA Signal Segment S1 Ground 2 nd Mate S2 A+ Differential signal pair A from Phy S3 A- S4 Ground 2 nd Mate S5 B- Differential signal pair B from Phy S6 B+ S7 Ground 2 nd Mate Signal Segment “L” C[...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-12 Note 2. Host system should ground P4,P5, and P6. Failure to do so may cause improper drive operation. The following points should b e noted: All pins are in a single row, with a 1.27 mm (.050”) pitch. • The comments on the mating sequence apply to the case of backplane blind mate connector only. [...]

Installation Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 4-13 Figure 4-8 Completing the Drive Installation[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-1 Chapter 5 SATA BUS INTERFACE AND ATA COMMANDS This chapter describes the interface between DiamondMax 8S 40GB Serial ATA hard disk drives and the Serial ATA bus. The commands that ar e issued from the host to control the drive are listed, as well as the electrical and mechanical[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-2 5.5.2 Supported Commands The DiamondMax 8S 40GB Serial ATA hard disk drives support all the mandatory commands from the general feature set for devices not supporting the Packet command feature set. Refer to the ATA/ATAPI-7, volume 1 standard for a detailed description of these [...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-3 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS F8h READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT 27h READ SECTOR(S) 20h, 21h READ SECTOR(S) EXT 24h READ DMA EXT 25h READ DMA QUEUED C7h READ DMA QUEUED EXT 26h READ MULTIPLE EXT 29h READ VERIFY SECTOR(S ) 40h, 41h READ VERIFY SECTOR(S)EXT 42h READ FPDMA QUEUED 60h SECURI[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-4 SET MULTIPLE MODE C6h SLEEP 99h, E6h SMART DISABLE AUTO OFFLINE B0h DBh SMART DISABLE OPERATIONS B0h D9h SMART ENABLE OPERATIONS B0h D8h SMART ENABLE/DISABLE ATTRIBUTE AUTOSAVE B0h D2h SMART EXECUTE OFF-LINE IMMEDIATE B0h D4h SMART READ DATA B0h D0h SMART READ LOG B0h D5h SMART [...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-5 Note: 1. As defined in the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard. Identify Drive Command This command allows the host to receiv e parameter information from the drive. When the command is received, the drive: 1. Sets BSY 2. Stores the required parameter information in th e sector buffer 3. Sets [...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-6 Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameter W ord Content Descr iption 0 General configuration bit-significant information: 15: 0 = ATA device 14-8: Retired 7: 1 = removable media device 6: Obsolete 5-3: Retired 2: Response incomplete 1: Retired 0: Reserved 1 Obsolete 2 Specific [...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-7 49 Capabilities 15-14: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command. 13: 1 = Standby timer values as specified in this st andard ar e supported. 0 = Standby timer values sha ll be managed by the device 12: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command. 11: 1 = IORDY support[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-8 53 15-3: Reserved 2: 1 = the fields reported in word 88 are valid. 0 = the fields reported in word 88 are not valid 1: 1 = the fields reported in words (70:64) are valid. 0 = the fields reported in words (70:64) are not valid 0: Obsolete 54-58 Obsolete 59 15-9: Reserved 8: 1 = M[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-9 65 Minimum Multiword DMA transfer cycle time per word 15-0: Cycle time in nanosecon ds 66 Manufacturer’s recommended Multiword DMA transfer cycle time 15-0: Cycle time in nanosecon ds 67 Minimum PIO transfer cycle time without flow cont rol 15-0: Cycle time in nanoseconds 68 M[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-10 80 Major version number 0000h or FFFFh = device do es not report version 15: Reserved 14: Reserved for ATA/ATAPI-14 13: Reserved for ATA/ATAPI-13 12: Reserved for ATA/ATAPI-12 11: Reserved for ATA/ATAPI-11 10: Reserved for ATA/ATAPI-10 9: Reserved for ATA/ATAPI-9 8: Reserved fo[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-11 81 Minor version number 0000h or FFFFh = device do es not report version. 0001h-FFFEh = see 6.16.41 of ATA/ATAPI-7 specification 82 Command set supp orted. 15: Obsolete 14: 1 = NOP command supported 13: 1 = READ BUFFER command supported 12: 1 = WRITE BUFFER command supported 11[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-12 83 Command sets suppo rted. 15: Shall be cleared to zero 14: Shall be set to on 13: 1 = FLUSH CACHE EXT command supported 12: 1 = mandatory FLUSH CACHE command supported 11: 1 = Device Configuration Over lay feature set supported 10: 1 = 48-bit Address feature set supported 9: [...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-13 84 Command set/feature s upported extension. 15: Shall be cleared to zero 14: Shall be set to one 13: 1= Device supports IDLE IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD FEATURE 12: Reserved for technical report 11: Reserved for technical report 10: 1= The device supports the URG bit for WRITE STREA[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-14 85 Command set/feature e nabled. 15: Obsolete 14: 1 = NOP command enabled 13: 1 = READ BUFFER command enabled 12: 1 = WRITE BUFFER command enabled 11: Obsolete 10: 1 = Host Protected Area feature set enabled 9: 1 = DEVICE RESET command enabled 8: 1 = SERVICE interrupt enabled 7[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-15 86 Command set/feature e nabled. 15-14: Reserved 13: 1 = FLUSH CACHE EXT command supported 12: 1 = FLUSH CACHE command supported 11: 1 = Device Configuration Over lay supported 10: 1 = 48-bit Address features set support ed 9: 1 = Automatic Acoustic Mana gement feature set enab[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-16 87 Command set/feature defau lt. 15: Shall be cleared to zero 14: Shall be set to one 13: 1= The device supports ID LE IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD FEATURE 12: Reserved for te chnical report 11: Reserved for te chnical report 10: 1= The device supports the URG bit for WRITE STREAM DMA[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-17 88 15: Reserved 14: 1 = Ultra DMA mode 6 is selected. 0 = Ultra DMA mode 6 is not selected 13: 1 = Ultra DMA mode 5 is selected. 0 = Ultra DMA mode 5 is not selected 12: 1 = Ultra DMA mode 4 is selected. 0 = Ultra DMA mode 4 is not selected 11: 1 = Ultra DMA mode 3 is selected.[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-18 93 Hardware reset result. The c ontents of bits ( 12:0) of this word shall change only during the execution of a hardware reset 15: Shall be cleared to zero. 14: Shall be set to one. 13: 1 = device detected CBLID- above ViH. 0 = device detected CBLID- below ViL 12-8: Device 1 h[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-19 94 15-8: Ven dor’s recommended acoustic management value. 7-0: Current automatic acoustic management value 95 Stream Minimum Request Size 96 Stream Transfer Time - DMA 97 Stream Access Latency - DMA 98-99 Streaming Performance Granularity 100-103 Maximum user LBA for 48-bit A[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-20 116 Reserved for technical report 117-118 Logical Sector Size The value shall be equal to or greater th an 256. The value in words 117,118 shal l be valid when word 106 bit 12 is set to 1. All logical sectors on a device shall be 117,118 words long. 126-119 Reserved 127 Removab[...]

ATA Bus Interface and AT A Commands Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 5-21 128 Security status 15-9: Reserved 8: Security level 0 = High, 1 = Maximum 7-6: Reserved 5: 1 = Enhanced security erase supported 4: 1 = Security count expired 3: 1 = Security frozen 2: 1 = Security locked 1: 1 = Security enabled 0: 1 = Security supported 129-159 Vendor specifi[...]

Service and Support Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA 6-1 Chapter 6 SERVICE AND SUPPORT 6.1 GET TING HELP Before contacting Maxtor Support, use the Hard Disk Information feature in MaxBlast to view the model number and serial number of your drive. Thes e numbers can be used to get help from Maxtor Support, register your drive, and look u p information[...]

GLOSSARY Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA G-1 A ACCESS – (v) Read, write, or update information o n some storage medi um, such as a disk. (n) One of these operations. ACCESS TIME – The interval between the time a request for data is made by the system and the time the data is av ailable from the drive. Access time includes the actual seek time, r[...]

GLOSSARY Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA G-2 SCSI structure used to communicate requests from an initia tor (system ) to a target (drive). CLEAN ROOM – An environmentally controlled dust-free assemb ly or repair facility in which hard disk drives are assembled or can be opened for in ternal servicing. CLUSTER – A group of sectors on a disk drive[...]

GLOSSARY Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA G-3 EMBEDDED SERVO – A timing or location signal placed o n the disk’s surface on the tracks that also store data . These signals allow the actuator to fine-tu ne the position of the read/write heads. ENCODING – The protocol by which particular data pa tterns are changed p rior to being writ ten on the [...]

GLOSSARY Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA G-4 HARD DISK – A type of storage medium t h a t r e t a i n s d a t a a s m a g n e t i c p a t t e r n s o n a r i g i d disk, usually made of an iron oxide or alloy over a magnesium or aluminum platter. Because hard disks spin more rapidly than floppy disks, and the he ad flies closer to the disk, hard d[...]

GLOSSARY Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA G-5 subsequent blocks in ad vance to antic ipate the next request for data. The look ahead technique speeds up disk access of sequential blocks of data. LOW-LEVEL FORMATTING – Formatting that creat e s the sectors on th e platter surfaces so the operating system can access the required areas for generating [...]

GLOSSARY Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA G-6 PLATED MEDIA – Disks that are covered with a hard metal a lloy instead of an iron-oxide comp ound. Plated disks can st ore greater amounts of data in the same area as a coated disk. PLATTER – An disk made of metal (or other rigid material) that is mounted inside a fixed disk drive. Most d rives use mo[...]

GLOSSARY Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA G-7 SCSI – Acronym for Small Computer System Interface, an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ve rsion of Shugart Associates' SASI in terface between the computer and controller. SCSI has grown in popularity and is one of the most flexible an d intelligent interfaces available. SECTOR – A s[...]

GLOSSARY Maxtor DiamondMax 8S 40GB SATA G-8 disk sends and receives data from the controller. Drive sp ecifications usually reference a high number that is the burst mode rate for transfe rring data across the interface from the disk buffer to system RAM. Sustained data transfer is at a much lower rate because of system pro cessing overhead, head s[...]

Index Maxtor Diamond Max 8S 40GB SATA I -1 A abbreviations 1-2 adapter board 2-4, 4-9,4-10 C clearance 4-6,4-7,4-8 command descript ions 5-2 to 5-21 connector 4-10,4-11,4-12 F faceplate 4-1 H hardware options 4-4 hardware requirements, 2-4 J jumper configurations 4-6 jumper locations 4-5 jumper options 4-6 M maximum screw torque 4-6 mechanical dime[...]