Exmark 000 & Higher manual

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Ir para a página of

Bom manual de uso

As regras impõem ao revendedor a obrigação de fornecer ao comprador o manual com o produto Exmark 000 & Higher. A falta de manual ou informações incorretas fornecidas ao consumidor são a base de uma queixa por não conformidade do produto com o contrato. De acordo com a lei, pode anexar o manual em uma outra forma de que em papel, o que é frequentemente utilizado, anexando uma forma gráfica ou manual electrónicoExmark 000 & Higher vídeos instrutivos para os usuários. A condição é uma forma legível e compreensível.

O que é a instrução?

A palavra vem do latim "Instructio" ou instruir. Portanto, no manual Exmark 000 & Higher você pode encontrar uma descrição das fases do processo. O objetivo do manual é instruir, facilitar o arranque, a utilização do equipamento ou a execução de determinadas tarefas. O manual é uma coleção de informações sobre o objeto / serviço, um guia.

Infelizmente, pequenos usuários tomam o tempo para ler o manual Exmark 000 & Higher, e um bom manual não só permite conhecer uma série de funcionalidades adicionais do dispositivo, mas evita a formação da maioria das falhas.

Então, o que deve conter o manual perfeito?

Primeiro, o manual Exmark 000 & Higher deve conte:
- dados técnicos do dispositivo Exmark 000 & Higher
- nome do fabricante e ano de fabricação do dispositivo Exmark 000 & Higher
- instruções de utilização, regulação e manutenção do dispositivo Exmark 000 & Higher
- sinais de segurança e certificados que comprovam a conformidade com as normas pertinentes

Por que você não ler manuais?

Normalmente, isso é devido à falta de tempo e à certeza quanto à funcionalidade específica do dispositivo adquirido. Infelizmente, a mesma ligação e o arranque Exmark 000 & Higher não são suficientes. O manual contém uma série de orientações sobre funcionalidades específicas, a segurança, os métodos de manutenção (mesmo sobre produtos que devem ser usados), possíveis defeitos Exmark 000 & Higher e formas de resolver problemas comuns durante o uso. No final, no manual podemos encontrar as coordenadas do serviço Exmark na ausência da eficácia das soluções propostas. Atualmente, muito apreciados são manuais na forma de animações interessantes e vídeos de instrução que de uma forma melhor do que o o folheto falam ao usuário. Este tipo de manual é a chance que o usuário percorrer todo o vídeo instrutivo, sem ignorar especificações e descrições técnicas complicadas Exmark 000 & Higher, como para a versão papel.

Por que ler manuais?

Primeiro de tudo, contem a resposta sobre a construção, as possibilidades do dispositivo Exmark 000 & Higher, uso dos acessórios individuais e uma gama de informações para desfrutar plenamente todos os recursos e facilidades.

Após a compra bem sucedida de um equipamento / dispositivo, é bom ter um momento para se familiarizar com cada parte do manual Exmark 000 & Higher. Atualmente, são cuidadosamente preparados e traduzidos para sejam não só compreensíveis para os usuários, mas para cumprir a sua função básica de informação

Índice do manual

  • Página 1

    LAZER Z ® ADV ANT AGE SERIES MODELS For Serial Nos. 790,000 & Higher Part No. 4500-509 Rev . B[...]

  • Página 2

    W ARNING CALIFORNIA Proposition 65 W ar ning The engine exhaust from this product contains chemicals known to the State of Califor nia to cause cancer , birth defects, or other reproductiv e har m. Important: When the mo wer is used or operated on any Califor nia forest, br ush or grass co vered land, a w orking spark arr ester must be attached to [...]

  • Página 3

    Introduction CONGRATULATIONS on the purchase of y our Exmark Mow er . T his product has been carefully designed and manufactured to giv e you a maximum amount of dependability and years of trouble-free operation. This man ual contains operating, maintenance, adjustment, and safety instr uctions for your Exmark mow er . BEFORE OPERATING Y OUR MO WER[...]

  • Página 4

    Contents Introduction .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 3 Safety .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 5 Safety Alert Symbol . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 5[...]

  • Página 5

    Safety Safety Safety Alert Symbol This Safety Alert Symbol (Figure 2) is used both in this man ual and on the mac hine to identify important safety messages which m ust be follow ed to av oid accidents This symbol means: ATTENTION! BECOME ALERT! Y OUR SAFETY IS INV OL VED! Figure 2 1. Safety alert symbol The safety alert symbol appears abo ve infor[...]

  • Página 6

    Safety DANGER In certain conditions gasoline is extremely ammable and v apors are explosi v e. A re or explosion from gasoline can bur n y ou, others, and cause proper ty damage. • Fill the fuel tank outdoors in an open area, when the engine is cold. Wipe up any gasoline that spills. • Never rell the fuel tank or drain the machine indo[...]

  • Página 7

    Safety CAUTION Fuel tank v ent is located inside the roll bar tube. Removing or modifying the roll bar could result in fuel leakage and violate emissions regulations. • Do Not remov e roll bar . • Do Not w eld, drill, or modify roll bar in any w ay . • Check that the operator’ s presence controls , safety switc hes , and shields are attache[...]

  • Página 8

    Safety • Be a ware of the mo wer discharge path and direct discharge a way from others . • Do Not operate the mow er under the inuence of alcohol or dr ugs . • Use extreme care when loading or unloading the machine into a trailer or tr uc k. • Use care when approac hing blind cor ners , shrubs, trees , or other objects that ma y obscure [...]

  • Página 9

    Safety W ARNING There is no rollov er protection when the roll bar is down. Wheels dropping o ver edges, ditches, steep banks, or w ater can cause rollov er s, which may result in serious injur y , death or drowning . • Keep the roll bar in the raised and lock ed position and use seat belt. • Lower the roll bar only when a bsolutely necessar y [...]

  • Página 10

    Safety W ARNING Hydraulic uid escaping under pressure can penetrate skin and cause injur y . Fluid accidentally injected into the skin must be surgically remov ed within a few hours by a doctor familiar with this for m of injur y or gangr ene may result. • If equipped, mak e sure all hy draulic uid hoses and lines are in good condition and [...]

  • Página 11

    Safety Safety and Instructional Decals • Keep all safety signs legible . R emov e all grease, dirt and debris from safety signs and instructional labels . • R eplace all w or n, damaged, or missing safety signs . • When replacement components are installed, be sure that cur rent safety signs are afx ed to the replaced components . • If a[...]

  • Página 12

    Safety 107-2102 107-21 12 109-3148 109-7232 1. Fast 3. Neutral 2. Slow 4. Reverse 109-7330 109-7929 12[...]

  • Página 13

    Safety 109-8483 1. Throttle–fast 3. Choke–on 2. Throttle–slow 4. Choke–off 109-9361 Deck Drive Belt Routing 109-9477 1 16-0090 1 16-0157 1. See Operator’s manual 1 16-0165 1 16-0205 13[...]

  • Página 14

    Safety 1 16-021 1 1 16-0752 1. Latch 2. Unlatch 1 16-0906 For Kawasaki Liquid-Cooled Only Message Display 1. Fuel 6. Hour meter 2. Empty 7. PTO 3. Half 8. Parking brake 4. Full 9. Neutral 5. Battery 10. Operator presence switch PTO Switch Symbols 1. PTO–disengage 2. PTO–engage 109-7069 14[...]

  • Página 15

    Specications Specications Model Numbers Serial Nos: 790,000 and Higher LZAS20BV484; LZAS20K C484; LZAS23K C524; LZAS25K C604; LZAS26LKA604; LZAS27K C524; LZAS27K C604; LZAS29KA724 Systems Engine • Engine Specications: See y our Engine Owner’ s Manual • RPM: – All units ex cept LZAS20BV484 and LZAS20K C484: Full Speed: 3750 ±50 RPM[...]

  • Página 16

    Specications Operator Controls • Steering and Motion Control: Note: Motion control lev ers are adjustable to tw o heights . – Separate lev ers , on each side of the console, control speed and direction of tra vel of the respectiv e dri ve wheels . – Steering is controlled b y v ar ying the position of the lev ers relativ e to eac h other .[...]

  • Página 17

    Specications • Blade Size: (3 ea.) – 48 inch Deck: 16.25 inc hes (41.3 cm) – 52 inch Deck: 18.00 inc hes (45.7 cm) – 60 inch Deck: 20.50 inc hes (52.1 cm) – 72 inch Deck: 24.50 inc hes (62.2 cm) • Blade Spindles: Solid steel spindles with 1.00 inch (25 mm) I.D . bearings . • Deck Dri ve: Electric clutch: – 48 and 52 inc h Decks: [...]

  • Página 18

    Specications T read W idth: (Center to Center of Tires, W idthwise) 48 inch Deck 52 inch Deck Driv e Wheels 36.2 inches (91.9 cm) 36.2 inc hes (91.9 cm) Caster Wheels 32.8 inches (83.3 cm) 32.8 inches (83.3 cm) 60 inch Deck 72 inch Deck Driv e Wheels 41.6 inc hes (105.7 cm) 43.6 inc hes (110.7 cm) Caster Wheels 39.5 inches (100.3 cm) 47.1 inc he[...]

  • Página 19

    Product Overview *60 inc h units whic h already hav e an under toe board mount w eight as standard requires 116-1238 front toe board top mount kit instead of 116-1173. T orque Requirements Bolt Location T orque Blade Dri ve Shea ve Mounting Nut 140-145 ft-lb (190-197 N-m) Blade Mounting Bolt (lubricate with anti-seize) 55-60 ft-lb (75-81 N-m) Anti-[...]

  • Página 20

    Operation Operation Note: Deter mine the left and right sides of the machine from the nor mal operating position. Controls Motion Control Levers The motion control levers located on eac h side of the console control the forw ard and rev erse motion of the machine . Moving the lev ers forward or backward turns the wheel on the same side forward or r[...]

  • Página 21

    Operation Pull the lev er up and rearward to engag e the brak e. Depress the release button and push downw ard to disengag e the brak e. Figure 7 1. Release button 2. Park brake The unit m ust be tied do wn and brake engag ed when transporting . Ignition Switch Located on right console (see Figure 6). The ignition switch is used to start and stop t[...]

  • Página 22

    Operation Fuel Gauge Located on the right console in the message displa y (see Figure 6 and Figure 9). The fuel lev el is sho wn on a bar display . The indicator light appears when the fuel lev el is low (appro ximately one gallon remaining in the tank). Drive Wheel Release V alves W ARNING Hands may become entang led in the rotating driv e compone[...]

  • Página 23

    Operation Figure 1 1 1. Green 3. Red 2. Y ellow 4. Bar display W arning Buzzer (Kawasaki Liquid-Cooled Only) Located on the side of the right hand console (see Figure 6). The buzzer is a warning signal that the engine is ov erheating . See the T roubleshooting section. Deck Lift Pedal Located at the right front corner of the oor pan. Push the pe[...]

  • Página 24

    Operation 3. Pull the knob and rotate 90° to hold in the unlatched position to lo wer the roll bar . 4. T o return to the operate position, raise the roll bar , and then rotate knobs 90° so that the tabs interlock partially . Apply forw ard pressure to the roll bar upper hoop and obser v e that the knobs return to the completely latc hed position[...]

  • Página 25

    Operation DANGER An unco v ered discharge opening will allo w objects to be thrown in an operator’s or bystander’s direction. Also, contact with the blade could occur . Thrown objects or blade contact can cause serious injur y or death. Never operate the mow er with the discharge deector raised, remov ed, or altered unless there is a grass c[...]

  • Página 26

    Operation Figure 15 1. Neutral lock position (handles out) 4. Forward 2. Neutral operate position (handles in) 5. Neutral (operate) 3. Front of Unit 6. Reverse Driving F orw ard 1. R elease the parking brak e. 2. Mov e the motion control levers inward to the center to the neutral position. 3. T o mo ve forward in a straight line , mov e both levers[...]

  • Página 27

    Operation See the decal on the side of the dec k lift plate for cut heights . 6. Push the dec k lift pedal, release the transport loc k and allo w the dec k to lo wer to the cutting height. Adjusting the Anti-Scalp Rollers It is recommended to change the anti-scalp roller position, when the height of cut has changed. 1. Stop the machine and mo ve t[...]

  • Página 28

    Operation W ARNING Loading a unit on a trailer or tr uck increases the possibility of backw ard tip-ov er . Backw ard tip-o ver could cause serious injur y or death. • Use extreme caution when operating a unit on a ramp . • Use only a single, full width ramp; Do Not use individual ramps for each side of the unit. • If individual ramps must be[...]

  • Página 29

    Maintenance Maintenance Note: Deter mine the left and right sides of the mac hine from the nor mal operating position. W ARNING While maintenance or adjustments are being made, someone could star t the engine. Accidental star ting of the engine could seriously injure y ou or other bystanders. Remo ve the k ey from the ignition s witch, engage parki[...]

  • Página 30

    Maintenance Maintenance Ser vice Inter v al Maintenance Procedure Every 500 hours • Change the hy draulic lter and uid. • Chec k the wheel hub slotted nut torque specications . • Chec k the wheel lug nuts . • Chec k the park brake adjustment. Every 4,000 hours • Change engine coolant. Dex-Cool © extended life coolant (orange col[...]

  • Página 31

    Maintenance V oltage Reading Percent Charge Maximum Charger Settings Charging Inter v al 11.7–12.0 0–25% 14.4 volts/4 amps 3 Hours 11.7 or less 0% 14.4 volts/2 amps 6 Hours or More Check Mower Blades Service Interval: Before each use or daily 1. Stop engine, w ait for all moving parts to stop , and remov e key . Engag e parking brake . 2. Lift [...]

  • Página 32

    Maintenance lock position. The operator does not need to be in the seat to start the engine . T ry to start with operator in seat , parking brake disengag ed, PTO disengag ed and motion control levers in the neutral lock position - starter must not crank . T ry to start with operator in seat , parking brake engag ed, PTO engaged and motion control [...]

  • Página 33

    Maintenance Manual for additional information.) 1. Stop engine, w ait for all moving parts to stop , and remov e key . Engag e parking brake . 2. Loosen retaining clips and remov e air cleaner compartment co ver . 3. R emov e paper element. Chec k the condition of the paper element. Replace if dirty , bent or damaged. 4. Check the condition of the [...]

  • Página 34

    Maintenance Check Tire Pressures Service Interval: Every 50 hours 1. Stop engine, w ait for all moving parts to stop , and remov e key . Engag e parking brake . 2. Check tire pressure in dri ve tires . 3. Inate driv e tires to 13 psi (90 kP a). 4. Semi-pneumatic caster tires Do Not need to be inated. Note: Do Not add an y type of tire liner o[...]

  • Página 35

    Maintenance 6. P ack the bearings with a NGLI grade #1 multi-purpose grease. 7. Insert one bearing, one new seal into the wheel. Note: Seals (Exmark P/N 103-0063) must be replaced. 8. If the axle assembly has had both spacer nuts remov ed (or broken loose), apply a thread locking adhesiv e to one spacer nut and thread onto the axle with the wrench [...]

  • Página 36

    Maintenance CAUTION Raising the mow er deck for ser vice or maintenance relying solely on mechanical or hy draulic jacks could be dangerous. The mechanical or h ydraulic jacks may not be enough support or may malfunction allowing the unit to fall, which could cause injur y . Do Not rely solely on mechanical or h ydraulic jacks for suppor t. Use ade[...]

  • Página 37

    Maintenance Check Engine Coolant Level (Kawasaki Liquid-Cooled Only) Service Interval: Before each use or daily 1. Stop engine and wait for all mo ving parts to stop . Make sure unit is on a lev el surface . 2. Check with engine cold. 3. View coolant lev el in o vero w bottle located at the right rear of the engine belo w the radiator . Coolant [...]

  • Página 38

    Maintenance W ARNING Engine compar tment contains open belt driv es, fans, and other rotating components that can cause injur y . Fingers, hands, loose clothing, or jew elr y can get caught by the rotating fan and dri ve shaft. • Do Not operate machine without the cov ers in place. • Keep ngers, hands, and clothing clear of rotating componen[...]

  • Página 39

    Maintenance Adjustments Note: Disengag e PTO , shut off engine, w ait for all moving parts to stop , engag e parking brak e, and remov e k ey before ser vicing, cleaning, or making any adjustments to the unit. CAUTION Raising the mow er deck for ser vice or maintenance relying solely on mechanical or hy draulic jacks could be dangerous. The mechani[...]

  • Página 40

    Maintenance Figure 29 1. Whizlock nut 3. Jam nut 2. Adjuster screw 4. Y oke 11. The bac k tips of the side blades should measure 3 1/4 inches (8.3 cm). Fine tune rear adjusters as required. 12. R e-measure until all four sides are the cor rect height. Tighten all the n uts on the dec k lift ar m assemblies . 13. Lo wer disc harge deector . 14. I[...]

  • Página 41

    Maintenance Figure 31 1. Panhard rod (right side only) 2. Deck strut 3. Rear deck lift attachment shoulder bolt and nut. 4. Front deck lift attachment shoulder bolt and nut. 7. Disconnect the dec k str ut and panhard from the deck. 8. Raise the front of the mac hine and slide the deck left or right to remov e. 9. Low er the front of the mac hine. P[...]

  • Página 42

    Maintenance Figure 32 Left Hand Brake Shown 1. Cable anchor 7. Pull cable threaded rod this direction 2. Threaded rod 8. Hold threaded rod here 3. Push lever this direction 9. Swivel (pivot head) 4. Caliper lever arm 10. Caliper 5. Standard nut (shown against swivel) 1 1. Hub 6. Lock nut 10. R emov e all slac k from cable b y pulling on the caliper[...]

  • Página 43

    Maintenance W ARNING Engine must be r unning and dri ve wheels must be tur ning so park brak e adjustment can be perfor med. Contact with mo ving par ts or hot surfaces may cause personal injur y . Keep ngers, hands, and clothing clear of rotating components and hot surfaces. F . R elease the park brak e so the handle rests on the 1/2 x 6 inc h [...]

  • Página 44

    Maintenance Figure 34 1. Double nuts 8. Shut off unit. R emov e jumper wire from wire harness and plug connector into seat switc h. 9. R emov e the jac k stands . 10. Raise the deck and re-install the height of cut pin. 11. Chec k that the mac hine does not creep in neutral with the park brakes disengag ed. Motion Control Damper Adjustment The top [...]

  • Página 45

    Maintenance Figure 37 1. Bolts 4. Nuts 2. Control lever 5. Slotted holes 3. Control arm shaft 2. Mov e the control lev er to the next set of holes . Secure the lev er with the tw o bolts . 3. R epeat the adjustment for the opposite control lever . Adjusting the Tilt The motion control lev ers can be tilted fore or aft for maximum operator comfort. [...]

  • Página 46

    Maintenance brake has w orn to the point where the clutch no longer engag es consistently , the shim can be remov ed to extend the clutc h life . Figure 40 1. Armature 5. Brake spacer 2. Field shell 6. Re-gap shim 3. Rotor 7. Brake pole 4. Brake mounting bolt Remo ving the Shim: 1. Stop engine, w ait for all mo ving parts to stop , and remo ve key [...]

  • Página 47

    Maintenance E. Using a 0.010 inch thic k feeler gaug e , v erify that a gap is present between the rotor and ar mature face on both sides of the brak e pole as shown. (Due to the wa y the rotor and ar mature faces w ear (peaks and valleys) it is sometimes difcult to measure the true gap .) Figure 44 1. Feeler gauge Figure 45 1. Feeler gauge • [...]

  • Página 48

    Maintenance R emoving debris from the h ydro fan cooling guards will allow the h ydro system to r un cooler and improv e the life of the h ydro system. 1. Stop engine, w ait for all moving parts to stop , and remov e key . Engag e parking brake . 2. Slide seat all the w ay bac k, then lift the seat to access the LH and RH h ydro driv e area. 3. R e[...]

  • Página 49

    T roubleshooting T roubleshooting Important: It is essential that all operator safety mechanisms be connected and in proper operating condition prior to mow er use. When a problem occurs , do not o verlook the simple causes . F or example: starting problems could be caused by an empty fuel tank. The follo wing table lists some of the common causes [...]

  • Página 50

    T roubleshooting Problem Possible Cause Cor rectiv e Action 1. Engine load is ex cessive 1. R educe the ground speed. 2. Air cleaner is dirty . 2. Clean or re place the air cleaner element. 3. Oil lev el in the crankcase is lo w . 3. Add oil to the crankcase . 4. Cooling ns and air passages for the engine are plug ged. 4. R emove the obstruction[...]

  • Página 51

    T roubleshooting Problem Possible Cause Cor rectiv e Action 1. Driv e belt is w orn, loose or broken. 1. Check the belt tension. 2. Deck belt is w orn, loose or broken. 2. Install new deck belt. 3. Deck belt is off pulley . 3. Install belt on clutch and deck pulleys , idlers , and tensioning idler per routing decal on dec k. 4. Broken or missing id[...]

  • Página 52

    Schematics Schematics Electrical Diagram — Air–Cooled G008587 PTO SWITCH SEA T SWITCH IGNITION SWITCH FUSE BLOCK REGULA TOR GROUND PTO CLUTCH ST ART RELA Y LH NEUTRAL SWITCH RH NEUTRAL SWITCH BRAKE SWITCH ST ART RED HOUR METER/MODULE L T. GREEN YELLOW T AN BRO WN WHITE ORANGE GRA Y VIOLET BLUE GREEN RED BLACK ACCESSOR Y ORANGE ORANGE MAG PINK F[...]

  • Página 53

    Schematics Electrical Diagram — Liquid–Cooled PTO SWITCH SEA T SWITCH IGNITION SWITCH FUSE BLOCK REGULA TOR GROUND PTO CLUTCH ST ART RELA Y ST ART RED HOUR METER/MODULE L T. GREEN YELLOW T AN BRO WN WHITE ORANGE GRA Y VIOLET BLUE GREEN RED BLACK ORANGE ORANGE MAG PINK FUEL SOLENOID BRO WN BRO WN VIOLET ENGINE FUEL SENDER B+ BRO WN PINK PINK PIN[...]

  • Página 54

    Schematics Electrical Logic Schematic — Air-Cooled BN BN BU BK Y W T PK BN PK OR GN S R PK PK PK L TGR GY GY PK V BN V OR GN OR R PK R BK GND PK BK BN BN BK PK BK GND 15A F4 GY R I B A W V BU V V BK + S - FUEL SENDER 10A F3 (BRAKE) SW6 PK OR R F2 25A PTO CLUTCH BU 1 2 5 4 7 8 (PTO SWITCH) SW2 25A F1 (SEA T) SW7 2 3 5 4 1 K2 (ST ART RELA Y) TVS DI[...]

  • Página 55

    Schematics Electrical Schematic — Liquid-Cooled 2 R A I 3 1 2 4 A 4 7 4 1 6 5 A 3 1 6 B C B B 8 2 3 5 4 5 1 2 S SW1 (IGNITION) KEY SW Ignition switch terminal locations viewed from back OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES OFF = no connections ON = BRIA ST ART = BRIS BN BN V BU BK Y W T PK BN PK OR A R GN S I BK PK PK PK L TGR OR R GY GY PK PK GN OR PK BU BN V O[...]

  • Página 56

    Schematics Hydraulic Diagram 56[...]

  • Página 57

    General Warranty Conditions and Products Co vered Exmark Mfg. Co. Inc. and its aff iliate, Exmark W arranty Company , pursuant to an agreement between them, jointly warrant on the terms and conditions herein, that we will repair , replace or adjust any part on these products and found by us (in the exercise of our reasonable discretion) to be defec[...]

  • Página 58

    58[...]

  • Página 59

    59[...]

  • Página 60

    MID-MOUNT RIDING A CCESSORIES AND OPTIONS SEE EXMARK’S COMPLETE LINE OF A CCESSORIES AND OPTIONS W ALK-BEHIND A CCESSORIES AND OPTIONS GRASS CA TCHER MICRO-MULCH SYSTEM TURF STRIPER ST ANDON CUST OM RIDE SEA T SUSPENSION SYSTEM FULL SUSPENSION SEA T DECK LIFT ASSIST KIT HITCH KIT LIGHT KIT 12 V PO WER PORT MICRO-MULCH SYSTEM OPERA T OR CONTROLLED[...]