Pelco ES30TI manual

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Go to page of

A good user manual

The rules should oblige the seller to give the purchaser an operating instrucion of Pelco ES30TI, along with an item. The lack of an instruction or false information given to customer shall constitute grounds to apply for a complaint because of nonconformity of goods with the contract. In accordance with the law, a customer can receive an instruction in non-paper form; lately graphic and electronic forms of the manuals, as well as instructional videos have been majorly used. A necessary precondition for this is the unmistakable, legible character of an instruction.

What is an instruction?

The term originates from the Latin word „instructio”, which means organizing. Therefore, in an instruction of Pelco ES30TI one could find a process description. An instruction's purpose is to teach, to ease the start-up and an item's use or performance of certain activities. An instruction is a compilation of information about an item/a service, it is a clue.

Unfortunately, only a few customers devote their time to read an instruction of Pelco ES30TI. A good user manual introduces us to a number of additional functionalities of the purchased item, and also helps us to avoid the formation of most of the defects.

What should a perfect user manual contain?

First and foremost, an user manual of Pelco ES30TI should contain:
- informations concerning technical data of Pelco ES30TI
- name of the manufacturer and a year of construction of the Pelco ES30TI item
- rules of operation, control and maintenance of the Pelco ES30TI item
- safety signs and mark certificates which confirm compatibility with appropriate standards

Why don't we read the manuals?

Usually it results from the lack of time and certainty about functionalities of purchased items. Unfortunately, networking and start-up of Pelco ES30TI alone are not enough. An instruction contains a number of clues concerning respective functionalities, safety rules, maintenance methods (what means should be used), eventual defects of Pelco ES30TI, and methods of problem resolution. Eventually, when one still can't find the answer to his problems, he will be directed to the Pelco service. Lately animated manuals and instructional videos are quite popular among customers. These kinds of user manuals are effective; they assure that a customer will familiarize himself with the whole material, and won't skip complicated, technical information of Pelco ES30TI.

Why one should read the manuals?

It is mostly in the manuals where we will find the details concerning construction and possibility of the Pelco ES30TI item, and its use of respective accessory, as well as information concerning all the functions and facilities.

After a successful purchase of an item one should find a moment and get to know with every part of an instruction. Currently the manuals are carefully prearranged and translated, so they could be fully understood by its users. The manuals will serve as an informational aid.

Table of contents for the manual

  • Page 1

    INSTALLATION/OPERATION C1307M-C (8/07) ES30TI Esprit ® with Thermal Imager[...]

  • Page 2

    [...]

  • Page 3

    C1307M-C (8/07) 3 Contents Important Safe ty Instruct ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Regulatory Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

  • Page 4

    4 C1307M-C (8/07) Scan Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Sharpness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

  • Page 5

    C1307M-C (8/07) 5 Important Safety Instructions 1. Read these instructions. 2. Keep these instructions. 3. Heed al l warnings. 4. Follow all instructions. 5. Do not bl ock any ven tilation openings. Ins tall in accordance with the manu facturer’ s instructions. 6. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiat ors, heat registers, stoves, or[...]

  • Page 6

    6 C1307M-C (8/07) Regulatory Notices This device co mplies with Pa rt 15 of th e FCC Rules. Oper ation is subjec t to the following two co nditions: (1) this device may n ot cause ha rmful interference, and (2 ) this device must accept any interf erence received, including in terference that may ca use undesired operat ion. RADIO AND TELEVISION INT[...]

  • Page 7

    C1307M-C (8/07) 7 Description The ES30TI Seri es combines th e power of an a dvanced ther mal imaging de vice with the pr ecision of an Es prit ® posit ioning system. At the core of the ES30TI is an un cooled, vanadium oxid e microbolometer , long wa ve infrared (L WIR) camera. It delivers 320 x 240 thermal video with a pixe l size of 38 micromete[...]

  • Page 8

    8 C1307M-C (8/07) Installation 1. When installing the ES 30TI Esprit system, allow for sufficient clearance between the top of the unit and over head obst ruction s. This will prevent int erference when the en closure is dr iven to its maximum elev ation of 33 degrees. NOTE: Do not install the ES30TI behind a window or other glass. Otherwise, the u[...]

  • Page 9

    C1307M-C (8/07) 9 3. Attach t he base of the system to an Esprit mount ( EWM or EPP) with the three flathead 10-32 x 1/2-inch scr ews and washers (su pplied). Figure 3. Attaching the Base 4. Route the wires and cables through the ce nter of the Esprit moun t. Reinstall the transfo rmer module into the base. The transf ormer module can be positioned[...]

  • Page 10

    10 C1307M-C (8/07) c. Connect the wir ing for a 2 -wire or 4-wire control syst em. This step does not apply to Co axitron ® c ontrol systems. d. Connect AUX 2 (optional) . Refer to the schemat ic drawing fo r an exampl e of how to wire AUX 2. Figure 5. AUX 2 Schematic Drawing 7. Install mount; refer to the installation manual supplied with the mou[...]

  • Page 11

    C1307M-C (8/07) 11 9. Plug the male Esprit system co nnector , located on the bottom of the pan/tilt, into th e female Esprit syst em connector located on the transformer mod ule. Align the pan/tilt part num ber with the alignment lab el of the base and then attach the pan/tilt to th e bas e with three 1/4-20 nuts and washer s (supplied). Figure 6.[...]

  • Page 12

    12 C1307M-C (8/07) TXB Series T ranslator Board Installation (Optional) Pelco’ s TXB Series allows controllers from other compani es to communic ate with the Esprit system. T o install a TXB Seri es board, remove the l eft cover o f the pan/ti lt. Once the cover is remo ved, refe r to the manua l supplied w ith the transla tor board to complet e [...]

  • Page 13

    C1307M-C (8/07) 13 REINSTALLING THE PAN/TILT COVER The pan/tilt co vers must b e properly seated and ha ve a tight s eal all the wa y around whe n installed. Figure 9. Installing the Pan/T ilt Cover T o reinstall the pa n/tilt cover , do the foll owing: 1. Prope rly position the cover a nd slide it into place. The sides of the cover must fit un der[...]

  • Page 14

    14 C1307M-C (8/07) Operation CONFIGURATION DISPLAY When you apply power to the ES30TI, a config uration screen appea rs. This screen displays the selected proto col, video format, l ens type, and frame rate. The follo wing screen shows the basic con figuration informatio n: HOW TO OPERATE Y OUR SY STEM The displayed infor mation depends on the sele[...]

  • Page 15

    C1307M-C (8/07) 15 OPERATING NOTES ENVIRONMENTAL RANGE The operatin g temperature ranges fro m a minimum of -40 °F (-40°C) to a max imum of 131°F ( 55°C) for su stained syste m operation or 140°F (60°C) absolute maximum. The entire un it can de-ice and be operatio nal in two hour s from a temp erature of -13° F (-25°C). Th e electroni cally[...]

  • Page 16

    16 C1307M-C (8/07) PATTERNS The Esprit system can do either one full pa ttern (1.5, 3, or 6 minutes long) or two half patterns (0.75, 1. 5, or 3 minutes long ). Refer to Patte rn Length on page 36 and Power Up Mode on page 37 for more information . Patterns can in clude any standard pan/tilt or lens comman d. Presets, flip, proport ional pan, and t[...]

  • Page 17

    C1307M-C (8/07) 17 Programming *These options only appe ar when AGC Mode is set t o Manual. † These options only appear wh en ROI is set to On. If limit stops are disabled , presets 23-26 can be used as regular presets (re fer to Limit Stops on page 32). Each menu item is described in greater detail. Sections for ea ch menu item appear alphabetic[...]

  • Page 18

    18 C1307M-C (8/07) ACCESSING MAIN MENU (PRESET 95) Y ou can call up the main men u on your monitor by progra mming (setting or creating) preset 95 (28 if in 32-preset mode). Programming pr eset 95 for Pelc o’ s controllers varie s according to the type of cont roller you are us ing. Instru ctions for pr ogra mming preset 95 are given below for va[...]

  • Page 19

    C1307M-C (8/07) 19 KBD4000/KBD4002/KBD4000V 1. Press the SPOT MONITOR key . 2. Enter 95 and then hold the PRESET ke y (approximately five second s) until the main menu appears on the screen. MPT9500 Standard Coaxitron Mode 1. Enter 95 and press t he PRESET SE T key . 2. Position the asterisk in the YES row a nd press the F1 key . The main menu appe[...]

  • Page 20

    20 C1307M-C (8/07) AGC MODE Automatic gain control genera lly gives the best results and valu es for hot bias and contrast. In ce rtain scenes and on certain monitors, you may be able to impr ove perfor mance or incr ease detail by manually ad justing hot bias and contrast. The following settings are ava ilable for AGC Mode: • Automatic: The came[...]

  • Page 21

    C1307M-C (8/07) 21 AZ/EL Az/El programs the hori zontal display position of the Azimuth* /Elevation † label. NOTE: • Az/El display is not availa ble while you are progra mming or runn ing a patte rn. • Use different ho rizontal position and line settings for A z/El, Direction, and Zoom. Ot herwise, the labels may o verwrite one an other . The[...]

  • Page 22

    22 C1307M-C (8/07) AZ/EL LINE Az/El Line controls the vertical display p osition of the Azimut h/Elevation label. Y ou can display the label on lines 3 th rough 10. Line 3 is the third line from the to p of the scr een; line 10 is locate d at the bo ttom of the screen. The default is 10. NOTES: • Az/El display is not availa ble while you are prog[...]

  • Page 23

    C1307M-C (8/07) 23 AZIMUTH ZERO Azimuth is the pan ang le from 0 to 359 degr ees. Azimuth zero is the programmed ze ro-degree po int that is normally se t to magnet ic north. This zero point is the b asis of the on-screen pan position (a zimuth) and compass readings. T o set azimuth zer o: 1. Program p reset 95 (28). The main menu appears. 2. Posit[...]

  • Page 24

    24 C1307M-C (8/07) CONTRAST Use the Contra st option t o adjust th e contrast across the c olor palett e. Increase the Contrast setting t o represent mi drange t e mperatures cl oser to the extre mes. Decrease the Contrast se tting to repr esent extre me temperat ures closer to the midrang e. The range is 1 t o 255. The default is 64. For example, [...]

  • Page 25

    C1307M-C (8/07) 25 DIRECTION Direction pr ograms the horizont al display po sition of the Directio n label (N, NW , NE, …) NOTES: • For direction to be accur ate, azimuth ze ro must be se t to magnet ic north. • Direction di splay is no t availabl e when you ar e programming or runn ing a patter n. • Use different ho rizontal position and l[...]

  • Page 26

    26 C1307M-C (8/07) DIRECTION LINE Direction Line controls the verti cal display position of the Di rection label. Y ou can display th e label o n lines 3 thro ugh 10. Line 3 is the third line from the to p of the scr een; line 10 is locate d at the bo ttom of the screen. The default is 10. NOTES: • Direction di splay is no t availabl e while you [...]

  • Page 27

    C1307M-C (8/07) 27 DISPLAY DURATION Display Duration programs th e duration the Az/El, Directio n, an d Zoom labe ls are displayed on the mon itor . The available set tin gs for display duration include the follo wing: • Cont: The label appears continuously . • 2: The label appear s for 2 seconds afte r PTZ functions en d. • 5: The label appe[...]

  • Page 28

    28 C1307M-C (8/07) DISPLAY T YPE Display T ype p rograms the sp ecific pale tte of color s to repres ent the temperatur es in the th ermal image. These col ors are not c alibrated to a specific temp erature. Ra ther , they rep resent the t emperature vari ations within the thermal image. Th e following table lists the ava ilable display types and t[...]

  • Page 29

    C1307M-C (8/07) 29 FLAT FIELD CORRECTION (FFC) Flat Field Correction (FFC) controls how the camer a regularly ad justs its thermal settings to o pti mize its image. This process takes about 0.5 seconds. Durin g this process, the re may be a lag in image quality . Before performing the FFC process, t he camera warns the operator by displayin g a sma[...]

  • Page 30

    30 C1307M-C (8/07) T EMP CHANGE T emperat ure Change sets th e increment (in de grees) of change re quired to automatically trigger the FFC process when th e tempera ture changes in the field of view . After each FFC, the camera resets th e baseline temperature an d resumes temperature mo nitoring. Y ou can select from the following: • 1.0 - 3.0?[...]

  • Page 31

    C1307M-C (8/07) 31 HOT BIAS Use the Hot Bias optio n to adjust how the color pa lette represen ts th e temperature range o f the image. The Hot Bias rang e is 1 to 200. The default is 100. Increase the Hot Bias sett ing to push the co lor palette to a warm er ra nge of temperat ures. Wa rmer temperatur es appear as hot; c oole r temperatures appear[...]

  • Page 32

    32 C1307M-C (8/07) LIMIT STOPS The Limit Stops o ptions cont rol the pan position limit f or the came ra. Y ou ca n set diffe rent limits f or manual op eration an d fo r automatic scan operation. NOTE: Limit stops are inac tive while setting items in the program me nu (such as, azimuth zero, s can limits, ma nual pan limit s). T URNING LIMIT STOPS[...]

  • Page 33

    C1307M-C (8/07) 33 Limit Stops Menu T o progra m manual limit stops using the Limit St ops menu: 1. Program p reset 95 (28). The main menu appears. 2. Position the cu rsor (>) beside < Limit Stops>. P ress the Iris Op en button; the menu appears. 3. Position the cursor (>) b eside Set Man Li mits. Press the Iris Op en button. Th e messa[...]

  • Page 34

    34 C1307M-C (8/07) Limit Stops Menu T o program scan limit st ops using th e Limit Stops menu : 1. Program p reset 95 (28). The main menu appears. 2. Position the cu rsor (>) beside < Limit Stops>. P ress the Iris Op en button; the menu appears. 3. Position the cu rsor (>) beside Se t Scan Limits. Press the Iris Open bu tton. The messag[...]

  • Page 35

    C1307M-C (8/07) 35 PARK T IME MINUTES Use this featur e to park at t he preset 1 position af ter a specif i c number of minute s of control ina ctivity. Y ou can set this nu mber from 1 minute to 720 minutes (12 hours), or you can set it to zero to disable th is feature. The defau lt is 0 (disabled). NOTE: Y ou must program Preset 1 fo r the system[...]

  • Page 36

    36 C1307M-C (8/07) PATTERN LENGTH The Esprit can run either of the following: • One full pattern that is 1. 5, 3, or 6 minutes lon g. • T wo half patt erns that are 0.75, 1.5, or 3 minutes lon g. This pattern can co nsist of any standard pan/ tilt or lens comma nd. Presets, flip, and turbo are not allowed in a patte rn. Zone scan can be en able[...]

  • Page 37

    C1307M-C (8/07) 37 POWER UP MODE Use this featu re to execu te a specifi c set of commands following the power up se quence. Y ou can select from the fol lowing: • Default: On power up, the system pe rforms a configuration cycle and st ops at zero reference, showing Configuration Done , address, and mode settings on th e screen. • Park: The sys[...]

  • Page 38

    38 C1307M-C (8/07) PROFILE Profile let s you activat e a specific group of se ttings (Sharpn ess, Hot Bias, Co ntrast, or AG C Mode), as follows: • Night, Day , Fog, Rain: These four preconfi gured gr oups of pro file setting s give the best facto ry-defined results fo r the sce ne. They also serve as a starting point wh en configuring profile se[...]

  • Page 39

    C1307M-C (8/07) 39 REGION OF INTEREST The Region of Inte rest (ROI) is similar to a light meter zone in a conventional camera. Use it when the heat image in one porti on of the field o f view affects the ent ire image. The rest of this sectio n describes h ow to use each ROI opti on. Use the following exa mples as gu ides for this featur e: Figure [...]

  • Page 40

    40 C1307M-C (8/07) ENABLING OR DISABLING ROI Y ou have to enable the RO I option before you can configure it. ROI is set to OFF by defau lt. T o change the ROI: 1. Program p reset 95 (28). The main menu appears. 2. Position the cursor (>) beside <Camera>. Press the Iris Open bu tton; the menu appears. 3. Positio n the cursor (>) besid e[...]

  • Page 41

    C1307M-C (8/07) 41 RESET CAMERA Resetting th e camera res tarts the camera. The c amera pef orms its norma l power up pr ocess. T o reset the cam era: 1. Program p reset 95 (28). The main menu appears. 2. Position the cursor (>) beside <Factory De faults>. Press the Ir is Open button; the menu a ppears. 3. Position the cu rsor (>) besid[...]

  • Page 42

    42 C1307M-C (8/07) RESTORE ALL DEFAULTS Restoring all defaults re turns the settings on all menus and su bm enus to their defaults. This fu nction also clears all presets and pa tterns. T urning off power does not restore the camera to its default settings. Camera se ttings are retain ed in memory . When the power i s turned back on, the settings w[...]

  • Page 43

    C1307M-C (8/07) 43 RESTORE CAMERA DEFAULTS Restoring ca mera defaults returns the setting s on the Camer a menu and it s submenus to their d efaults. It does not re store any o ther set tings. T urning off po wer does not r estore the se ttings on the Camera men u to their de faults. Camera setti ngs are re tained in memo ry . W hen the power is tu[...]

  • Page 44

    44 C1307M-C (8/07) SAVE PROFILE The Save Pr ofile feat ure lets yo u save a user-defined group of profile se ttings int o either t he Custom 1 or the Cust om 2 profi l e. When you ch ange any profile se tting (Sharp ness, Hot Bias, Co ntrast, or AGC Mode), Modified become s an option in the Pr ofile list and you can save th ese custom settings. T o[...]

  • Page 45

    C1307M-C (8/07) 45 SCAN SPEED Scan speed controls the moveme nt speed in auto, random, an d frame scan modes. Y ou can select from 1 to 40 degrees per second . T he default is 7. T o change the sc an speed: 1. Program p reset 95 (28). The main menu appears. 2. Positio n the curso r (>) beside <Other>. Press the Ir is Open but ton; the men [...]

  • Page 46

    46 C1307M-C (8/07) SHARPNESS Use the Sharpn ess settin g to set th e digital sharpness of the camera . Settings inc lude Lowe st, Low , Medium, Hig h, and Highe st. The default is Medium. Increasing the Sharpn ess setting can enhance image detail in some scene s; higher Sharpn ess settings also increa se image noise. Decreasing the Sharpness settin[...]

  • Page 47

    C1307M-C (8/07) 47 SPEED PROFILE Use this feature to set the win d speed conditions for the location of the Esprit syst em. High winds may int efere with high spee d turbo and pres et panning. Th e speed pr ofile pr ovides the best panni ng speed for the wind condit ions. Y ou can s et two wind sp eed profile s: • 50 MPH Wind: T urbo and preset p[...]

  • Page 48

    48 C1307M-C (8/07) TE M P U N I T S The T emp Units s etting cont rols how temper ature value s are displa yed. Y o u can select either Celsiu s or Fahren heit. The de fault is Celsius. T o change the temp un its setting : 1. Program p reset 95 (28). The main menu appears. 2. Positio n the curso r (>) beside <Other>. Press the Ir is Open b[...]

  • Page 49

    C1307M-C (8/07) 49 ZONES Basic rules for settin g zones: 1. Y our controller must support zone operation . 2. Refer to the document ation for your control system to program zones. 3. Establ ish zones us ing the contr oller , befor e programmi ng ZONE BLA NK with the Es prit on-scr een menu. 4. T o accurately set zone area s, press Zoom Wide to zoom[...]

  • Page 50

    50 C1307M-C (8/07) ZOOM Zoom progra ms the horizont al display position of the Zoom lab el. The fo llowing setti ngs are avai lable for t he Zoom label : • Off: Label is not displayed. • Left: Label is displa yed on the l eft-hand s ide of th e screen. • Center: Label is display ed in the ce nter of th e screen. • Right: Label is displayed [...]

  • Page 51

    C1307M-C (8/07) 51 ZOOM LINE Zoom Line con trols the ver tical displ ay position o f the Zoom l abel. Y o u can displa y the label on lines 3 thro ugh 10. Line 3 is the third line from the to p of the scr een; line 10 is locate d at the bo ttom of the screen. The default is 10. NOTES: • Zoom display is no t available while you are prog ramming or[...]

  • Page 52

    52 C1307M-C (8/07) Maintenance and T roubleshooting MAINTENANCE Clean the en closure windo w periodically with a mild nonabrasive detergent in wa ter and a soft cloth to help ma intain picture cl arity . T ROUBLESHOOTING NOTE: The system contains no user -servi ce able parts. If there is a problem wi th your system, it must be returned to Pelco for[...]

  • Page 53

    C1307M-C (8/07) 53 Symptom: Ground loops Ground loops are indicat ed by seeing 60 Hz noise on the video. 1. Check for resistance between the grounds of the keyboard and the system. Ideally , there should be zer o ohms. 2. Remove the coaxial BNC conn ector an d check for voltage betw een the BNC shiel d of the co ntroller an d the BNC shie ld of the[...]

  • Page 54

    54 C1307M-C (8/07) Appendix NOTE: Esprit will se nse and automa tica lly select input from Coaxitron control signa ls in either the standard or extend ed mode. Theref ore, the DIP switch settin gs have no effect on Coaxit ron control signals. *SW1-3 is not used; set it in the OFF position. *SW1-4 is not used; set it in the OFF position. T able A. S[...]

  • Page 55

    C1307M-C (8/07) 55 NOTE: The Esprit will sense and automati cally select input from Coaxitron control signals in either the standard or ex tended mode. Th erefore, the DIP switches settings have no effect on Coaxit ron control sign als. T able C. Switch Settings for SW2 Receiver Address P - Ty p e D - Ty p e Control Control Switch Setting SW2-1 SW2[...]

  • Page 56

    56 C1307M-C (8/07) – 112 OFF OFF OF F OFF ON ON ON OFF – 113 ON OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF – 114 OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF – 115 ON ON OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF – 116 OFF OFF ON OFF ON ON ON OFF – 117 ON OFF ON OFF ON ON ON OFF – 118 OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF – 119 ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF – 120 OFF OFF OF F ON ON ON ON OFF – 121 O[...]

  • Page 57

    C1307M-C (8/07) 57 – 232 OFF OFF OF F ON OFF ON ON ON – 233 ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON ON ON – 234 OFF ON OFF ON O FF ON ON ON – 235 ON ON OFF ON OFF ON ON ON – 236 OFF OFF ON ON OFF O N ON ON – 237 ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON – 238 OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON – 239 ON ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON – 240 OFF OFF OF F OFF ON ON ON ON – 241 ON OFF [...]

  • Page 58

    58 C1307M-C (8/07) Specifications ELECTRICAL Input Voltage 24, 120, or 23 0 VAC, 50/60 Hz; switch selectable for 120/230 VAC inputs. Reset feature en abled when power becomes unstable or i nterrupte d. Power Requirements Maximum power consumptio n is 70 V A per system Window Heater Consumes 10 W when active, electronically controlled. Electrical Co[...]

  • Page 59

    PRODUCT WARRANTY AND RETURN INFORMA TION WARRANTY Pelco will repair or replace, without char ge, any merchandise proved defective in material or workmanship for a period of one year after the date of sh ipment. Exceptions to this warranty a re as noted below: • Five years on fi ber optic product s and TW3000 Series unsh ielded twisted pair transm[...]

  • Page 60

    W orldwide Headquarters 3500 Pelco W ay Clovis, California 93612 USA USA & Canada T el: 800/289-9100 Fax: 800/289-9150 International T el: 1-559/292-1981 Fax: 1-559/348-1120 www .pelco.com ISO 9001 Australia | Canada | Finland | France | Germany | Italy | Macau | The Netherlands | Russia | Singapore South Africa | Spain | Sweden | United Arab E[...]