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Cisco Systems Dial NMS manual

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Table of contents for the manual

  • Page 1

    170 West Tasman Drive San Jo se, CA 95 134-1 706 USA http :// www.ci sco .com Cisco Sy stems, Inc. Corporate He adquarters Tel: 800 553 -NETS (6387 ) 408 526 -4000 Fax: 408 526-4100 Basic Dial NM S Implementation Guide Internetworking S olutions Guide August 20 0 0 Text Part Number: OL-0556-01[...]

  • Page 2

    THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REG ARDING THE PRODUCT S IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJE CT TO CHANGE WITHOU T NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS , INFORMATION, AND RE COMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUA L ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURAT E BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANT Y OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIE D. USERS MUST TAKE FUL L RESPONSIBILITY F OR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PR[...]

  • Page 3

    CONTENTS EEE Basic Dial N MS Impl ementat ion Gu ide Preface vii Purpos e vii Audienc e vii Scope vii Conv enti ons vi ii Relate d Doc umentati on an d Site s ix Cisco Conne ction O nlin e xi Document ation CD-ROM xii Document ation Feedba ck xii Acknowle dgement s xii Overview of Basi c SNMP Bui lding Bl ocks 13 About SNMP 13 What ar e th e Basic [...]

  • Page 4

    Cont ent s EL Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Dial MI Bs and OI Ds Used i n the Ca se Stu dy 37 Task 1Enab ling SNMP in a Cisco IOS Device 41 About Enabl ing SNMP 41 Enabli ng S NMP 42 Task 2 E xploring SNMP Capabi lities by Using UCD-SNMP 45 About U sing UCD-SNMP 45 Instal li ng UCD-SNMP and Downloadi ng Ci sco MIBs 46 Explor ing SNMP MI[...]

  • Page 5

    Conte nts L Basic Dial NMS Imple mentation Guide Using HT TP t o A cce ss CL I Co mm and s 86 Task 6Managi ng IP Ad dresses by Usi ng DNS 91 About Managin g IP A ddres ses 91 Using Cisco Network Regi strar CLI Comma nds 92 Using a Bat ch Fil e t o Make Ch anges to a DNS Con figura tion 95 Creati ng a Primary Forwar d Zo ne 96 Creati ng an IP Tr [...]

  • Page 6

    Cont ent s LE Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide[...]

  • Page 7

    LEE Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Preface Purpose This Inte rnetwork ing Solutions Guide (ISG ) describes h o w to impl ement and op erate a d ial netwo rk manage ment syst em (N MS) tha t p rovides ma nage ment f unct ions fo r a dial Intern et a cce ss ser vi ce (DIAS) . Audience This gu id e is i nte nd ed for ne twork en gine er s and op [...]

  • Page 8

    Preface Conventions LEEE Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide This guid e describe s the following network pr otocols, fu nction s, and NMS app licat ions:  Protocols —SNMP and NTP .  Functions —Syslo g, modem call record s, Cisco IOS command- line inter face (CLI), Log File Rot ator , Device Navigator , w eb-based ma nageme nt, and W ar [...]

  • Page 9

    Preface Relat ed Docum entati on and Sit es EN Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Not e Means read er ta ke n ote. Not es c on tai n he lpfu l sug gestio ns o r re fere nce t o m ateri al s n ot contai ned in this manual. T i mesaver Means the de scribed ac tion sav es time. Y ou can sav e time by performing t he action describe d in t he p arag r[...]

  • Page 10

    Preface Related Docum entation and Si tes N Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide  Access T echnolo gy Software Center —Provides the firmware for modem upg rades. http://www .cisco.com/kobayas hi/sw-center/sw- access.shtml  Increasing Secur ity o n IP Ne tworks—Addresses n etwork-layer security issue s. http://www .cisco.com/uni ve rcd/cc/[...]

  • Page 11

    Preface Cisco Connection Online NE Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide  Managing Mod ems (Cis co I OS 12 .1) —Desc ribes c on figuration and tro uble shoo ting t asks for dial acce ss en vironments . http://www .cisco.com/uni ve rcd/cc/td/doc/p roduct/softw are/ios121/ 121cgcr/dialts_c/ dtsprt2/dcdm odmg.ht m  Modem Management Com mand s (C[...]

  • Page 12

    Preface Docume ntation CD-RO M NEE Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Documentatio n CD-ROM Cisco documentat ion and additional literatur e are a v ai lable in a CD-R OM package that ships with you r product . The Do cument ation CD-R OM, a member of the C isco Conne ction Famil y , is upda ted month ly . Therefo re, it might be more cu rrent tha[...]

  • Page 13

    ! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Overview of B asic SNMP Build ing Blocks Abo ut SNM P The Simple Ne two rk Manag ement Protoco l (SNM P) is an ap plicatio n-layer protocol that f acilit ates the exchange of mana gement informa tion bet ween a ne twork manage ment system (NMS), ag ents, and managed devices. SNMP use s the T ransmission Cont[...]

  • Page 14

    Overv iew of Basic SN MP Bu ildin g Blo cks What are the Basic Components of SN MP? " Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide What are the B asic C omponents of SNMP ? An SNM P-man aged network consist s of t hree key co mpone nts: ma naged devices, ag ents, and net work manageme nt system s (NMS).  Managed devices ` Contain an SNMP agent a[...]

  • Page 15

    Overview of B asic SNMP Build ing Blocks Abou t Bas ic SN MP Mess age Type s a nd C omma nds # Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between the mana ged de vices, the ag ent, and the NMS. Figur e 1 An SNMP -Manag ed Netw or k About Basic SNMP Mess age Types and Comma nds Ther e ar e t hr ee b asi c S N MP m e[...]

  • Page 16

    Overv iew of Basic SN MP Bu ildin g Blo cks What ar e SNMP MIBs? $ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Figur e 2 SNMP Event Inter actions Between the NMS and the Ag ent What are S NMP MIBs ? A Man agem en t In fo rmat ion Ba se (M IB ):  Presents a collec tion of informat ion that is orga nized hiera rchically .  Is accessed by using a ne[...]

  • Page 17

    Overview of B asic SNMP Build ing Blocks What ar e SN MP MIBs ? % Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Figur e 3 The MI B T ree a nd Its V ari ous Hier arc h ies As shown in Figur e 3, top- level MIB object IDs b elo ng to d ifferent standa rd s organizations w hil e low-le vel object IDs ar e alloc ated by associ ated organizations . V endors de[...]

  • Page 18

    Overv iew of Basic SN MP Bu ildin g Blo cks What i s SNMPv1 ? & Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide SNMP must ac count for and adjust to inco mpatibi lities betwe en man aged de vices. Dif fer ent co mputers use dif feren t data-repre sentation tech niques, which can com promise the abilit y of SNMP to exchange inform ation bet ween mana ge[...]

  • Page 19

    Overview of B asic SNMP Build ing Blocks What is SNMPv2? ' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide  A pplication-wide data types —Including the se se ven types: ` Network add resse s—Rep re sent addr es ses from a prot ocol fa mil y . SN MPv1 s uppo rts onl y 32-bit I P a ddr es ses. ` Counters—Non nega ti v e integer s that increase u[...]

  • Page 20

    Overv iew of Basic SN MP Bu ildin g Blo cks About SNM P Manage ment  Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide SNMPv2 and SMI The SMI defines the rul es for descri bing manage ment info rmation by using A SN.1. RFC 1902 (http://www . ietf.or g/rfc/rfc 1902) describes the SNMPv2 SMI and enhances the SNMPv1 SMI-specif ic data types by including:  Bi[...]

  • Page 21

    Overview of B asic SNMP Build ing Blocks About SNMP Sec urity  Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide About SNMP Security SNMP lack s authenticati on capab ilities, whic h results in a v ariety of security threats:  Masquerading —An unautho rized entity attem pting to per form mana gement ope rations by assuming the ide ntity of an authorize d[...]

  • Page 22

    Overv iew of Basic SN MP Bu ildin g Blo cks About SNM P Security Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 23

    ! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Network Design for a Dial NMS Case Stud y Introductio n to the Case Study This case study describe s:  How one Internet servi ce provider (ISP) designs, implem ents, an d opera tes a dia l network manag ement syste m (NM S) fo r a d ial Internet acce ss s ervi ce (DIAS ).  Ho w to implement di al NMS prot[...]

  • Page 24

    Network Design for a Dial NM S C ase S tudy Bene fits of a D ial NM S " Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide  All re mote mo dem us ers sh are a c ommo n pool of mode m res ources. User s can dial in t o eit her POP .  The dial POPs are redun dant. If on e POP loses servi ce, traf f ic is re- route d to the other POP . Describ ing how tr[...]

  • Page 25

    Network Design for a Dial NM S Case Study Dial NM S Planni ng Quest ionn aire # Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide D ial NMS Plannin g Questionnai re This planning questi onnaire descr ibes information that is essential for creating a dial NMS servic e def inition. A questionnaire helps netwo rk engineers make a ccurate d esign decisi ons and cons[...]

  • Page 26

    Network Design for a Dial NM S C ase S tudy Dial NMS Planning Q uestionnai re $ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Do you pro vide reports for an y service le vel commitments with your cu stomers ? If yes, w hat ma nagem ent system s will yo u use? Ye s  Multi Rout er T raff ic Gra pher (MR TG )  Custo m-based A AA accounting tool s and da [...]

  • Page 27

    Network Design for a Dial NM S Case Study Dial NMS Service Definition % Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Dial NMS Service Definition A servi ce def init ion is a stat ement tha t describes required servic es for a netw ork de sign. The dia l NMS service de finition dete rmined for THE net is base d on:  The an swer s provide d in T able 2 [...]

  • Page 28

    Network Design for a Dial NM S C ase S tudy Dial NMS Service Defin ition & Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Configurati on mana gement  SN MP—U se CW2000 RME t o arch i ve configuration files, manage Cisco IOS images, determine ho w m uch memory is instal led, and disco ve r which bo ot R OMs are pres ent.  CLI—I nsp ect a nd mo d[...]

  • Page 29

    Network Design for a Dial NM S Case Study Dial NMS Service Definition ' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Perfor manc e mana gement  SNMP—For the initial installa tion, use MR TG to monitor ke y Object Identif icatio ns (OIDs) in the de vice MIBs. In the future, use commercia l softw are applica tions tha t coll ect ma ss s cale m anag [...]

  • Page 30

    Network Design for a Dial NM S C ase S tudy Network Topology ! Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Network To pology Based on the di al NMS serv ice definition in T able 3, the network eng ineers at THE net defined the network topology for the POPs and NOC. Figur e 5 Netw or k T opolog y f or One POP An intranet W AN con nects th e tw o POPs to[...]

  • Page 31

    Network Design for a Dial NM S Case Study Hardwar e Requi rements ! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide In this case study , THEnet initially sends syslog data across W AN links to the NOC. The W AN links are designed to support a lar ge netw ork capacity in a metropolitan area. Collecting syslog locally in each POP is a future design conside ra[...]

  • Page 32

    Network Design for a Dial NM S C ase S tudy Software Requ irements ! Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide These cal culat ions in T able 5 are bas ed on a PRI syst em integrat ion—no t a syst em signa lli ng 7 ( SS7) inte gration. F or each POP si te, also plan for the follo wing elements:  Power , space, and cooling fo r each Cisco A S5800 ?[...]

  • Page 33

    Network Design for a Dial NM S Case Study Conf igurati on Des ign P arameter s !! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Configuration Des ign Para meters Before THEnet can im plem ent an d oper ate t he dial NMS, several design parame ters mu st be de fined by the net work e ngin eers and opera tor s. Each dial POP re quires enough IP address spa ce [...]

  • Page 34

    Network Design for a Dial NM S C ase S tudy Configuration D esign Param eters !" Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Cauti on Do not use “public” or “pri vate” strings, whic h are well kno wn in the industr y , are common h ardware d efaults, and in vite atta cks fr om hackers—r egardless if you use filters . T o maximize s ecurity [...]

  • Page 35

    Network Design for a Dial NM S Case Study Impl ementa tion and Oper atio n Tas ks !# Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide The in format ion in T able 9 is poste d and m aintai ned on w eb-ba sed ma na gement pages . Easy ac ce ss to this informat ion reduces networ k do wntime. Implementation and Operatio n Tasks THEnet implements a nd operate s the[...]

  • Page 36

    Network Design for a Dial NM S C ase S tudy Implement ation and Ope ration Tas ks !$ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 37

    !% Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Dial MIBs and OIDs Used in the Case Study This sec tion descr ibes the MIBs and OIDs us ed to manage the di al Inter net access service in th e case study . See the fo llowing tables and cho ose the variables you want to use in you r network. Expl ore the OIDs and de term ine whe the r to po ll and gra ph the [...]

  • Page 38

    Dial MI Bs and OIDs Used i n t he Case Stu dy !& Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide  For more inform ation a bout other N MS enhanc emen ts for dia l, see Ca ll T rac ker plus ISDN and AAA Enhan ceme nts for the Cisco AS 5300 and Cisco AS5800 at http://www .cisco.com/uni ve rcd/cc/td/ doc/product/sof tware/ios12 1/121ne wft/121li mit/121x/[...]

  • Page 39

    Dial MIBs and OIDs Us ed in the Cas e Study !' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide T ota l packe ts transmitted on a D S0 cpmOutPac kets .1.3. 6.1.4 .1.9. 10. 19.1. 1.1.1 .12 None available Number of ac tiv e PPP calls cpmPPPCalls .1.3 .6.1 .4. 1.9 .10 .1 9.1 .1. 5 None available Numbe r of active V120 call s cpmV1 20Calls .1.3 .6.1. 4.1.9 .10[...]

  • Page 40

    Dial MI Bs and OIDs Used i n t he Case Stu dy " Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide List o f u ser C LI Ds cpmAc tiveRemotePhon eNum be r .1.3 .6.1.4 .1.9 .10.1 9.1.3 .1.1. 2 show caller ip show isdn history List of c alled DNI S phone number s cpmActiv eLocal PhoneNum ber .1.3 .6.1.4 .1.9 .10.1 9.1.3 .1.1. 13 show caller ip List of TTY in[...]

  • Page 41

    " Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Task 1 E nabling SNMP in a Ci sco IOS Device About Enabling SNMP In this case study:  Each Ci sco IOS de vice is identif ied by a f ix ed and stab le loopb ack IP addres s for netw ork manage ment purpose s. The IP ad dress fun ction s as an device ID. One block of loopback IP addresses is used to[...]

  • Page 42

    Task 1 Enab ling SNMP in a Ci sco I OS Device About Ena bling SNMP " Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Enabling S NMP T o enable SNMP on a Cisc o IOS device in the network, follo w the se steps. Note In some s oftwar e relea ses , the co mman ds snmp-serve r engineID local an d snmp-serv er pack etsize are en abled b y de fau lt. Step 1 [...]

  • Page 43

    Task 1Enabling SNMP in a Cisco IOS Device About Enabling SN MP "! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide snmp-server enable traps En ables traps for unsolic ited notif ications for config uration changes , en vironmen tal v ariabl es, and crit ical de vic e conditions. This c om mand e nabl es 14 + ot her co mm ands for dist inc t types of SNM[...]

  • Page 44

    Task 1 Enab ling SNMP in a Ci sco I OS Device About Ena bling SNMP "" Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 45

    "# Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Task 2  Exploring SNMP Capabilities by Using UCD- SNMP Abo ut Using U CD- SNMP Resear ching an d identifyi ng which functi ons are a v ailabl e in SNMP are pa rt of b uilding a dial NMS en vironmen t. In t his case stu dy , UCD -SNMP , a n openso urce freeware appl ication that allows acce ss to SNMP f[...]

  • Page 46

    Task 2 Explorin g SNMP Ca pabilities by Using UCD-SNMP About Using U CD-SNM P "$ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Installing UCD-SNMP and Downloading Cisco MIBs T o install UCD-SNMP and do wnload MIBs from the Cisco FTP site, follo w these steps. Note Y o u can also download i ndividual MIBs fro m http://www .cisco.com/public/sw-cen ter[...]

  • Page 47

    Task 2 Ex ploring SNMP Capa bilities by Using UCD -SNMP About Using UCD-SN MP "% Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide enterprises.9.2.1.2.0 = "reload" If SNM P-pa rsin g err ors are g ener ated, sup pre ss th em by appe nd ing 2>/dev/null to the en d of the comm and. Stan dard outp ut is tagg ed as 1. Er ror output is tagge d as[...]

  • Page 48

    Task 2 Explorin g SNMP Ca pabilities by Using UCD-SNMP About Using U CD-SNM P "& Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 6 Poll the inter faces table an d redirect the outpu t to a text f ile b y entering the snmptable command an d ifT able OID: onionring:~$ snmptable travis-nas-01.the.net 5urf5h0p interfaces.ifTable > /export/home[...]

  • Page 49

    Task 2 Ex ploring SNMP Capa bilities by Using UCD -SNMP About SNMP Com mander "' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide About SNMP Commander The dia l enginee rs at THEn et crea ted a to ol calle d SNMP Com mande r that:  Provides web- based a cce ss to UCD -SNMP CLI comm ands.  Builds w eb -base d OI D bo okm ar ks, w hic h ena ble[...]

  • Page 50

    Task 2 Explorin g SNMP Ca pabilities by Using UCD-SNMP About SNM P Comman der # Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Figur e 8 SNMP Comm ander T ool[...]

  • Page 51

    Task 2 Ex ploring SNMP Capa bilities by Using UCD -SNMP About SNMP Com mander # Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Figur e 9 P olling Results fr om the table cpmA ctiveCa llSumm aryT able Command[...]

  • Page 52

    Task 2 Explorin g SNMP Ca pabilities by Using UCD-SNMP About SNM P Comman der # Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 53

    #! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Task 3Using MRTG to Monitor and Gra ph Traffic Loads About MR TG Multi Rou ter T raff ic Gra pher (MR TG) is a free perf ormanc e manage ment app licat ion for Unix t hat monitors SN MP statisti cs from any SNMP capab le de vice on your network an d perfo rms the following functions:  Captur es, store s,[...]

  • Page 54

    Task 3 Using M RTG to Monitor and Graph Traff ic L oads About Select ing Dial OI Ds #" Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide F or each OID referen ced in the conf igurat ion f ile, MR TG create s the follo wing graphs:  Dail y gr aph —5 minute av erage data points wit h approxim ately 33 hou rs of data prese nted.  W eek ly gr aph ?[...]

  • Page 55

    Task 3U sing M RTG to M onitor and Graph Traffic Lo ads About Selecting Dial OIDs ## Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide T ime i n use CISCO-P OP-M GMT -MIB 1.3.6. 1.4.1 .9.10.1 9.1.1. 1.1.8 The time for ea ch DS0. PPP calls CISCO-POP-MGMT -MIB 1.3.6. 1.4.1 .9 .10.1 9.1 .1.5 The number of acti ve PPP calls. DS0 hi gh wate r mark CISCO-POP-MGMT -[...]

  • Page 56

    Task 3 Using M RTG to Monitor and Graph Traff ic L oads How to Insp ect and Int erpret Data #$ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide How to Inspect and Int erpret Data Intern et use rs spe nd ap proxi mat ely 80 pe rce nt o f thei r t ime r eadin g i nfo rma tio n—no t downloa ding data. Mod em traff ic is very limited on a per user basis. Peo [...]

  • Page 57

    Task 3U sing M RTG to M onitor and Graph Traffic Lo ads How to I nspec t and Inte rpret Data #% Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide The Connection Succe ss Rate (CSR) is an important metric for tracking and meas uring the stability of a dial servic e. The CSR is defined by the number of modems tha t successfull y train up and go in to connect ed[...]

  • Page 58

    Task 3 Using M RTG to Monitor and Graph Traff ic L oads How to Insp ect and Int erpret Data #& Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Figur e 13 Monthly G raph : DS0s and PP P Sessions in Use MR TG ef ficie ntly compr esses an d archi ves data to create grap hs. F or e xample , you can k eep inform ation fo r an entire year on a server withou [...]

  • Page 59

    Task 3U sing M RTG to M onitor and Graph Traffic Lo ads How to I nspec t and Inte rpret Data #' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Creating and Editing a Configuration File Becau se dial i nterf aces norm ally go up and do wn as calls connect and disc onnect, monitor counte rs such as:  PPP sessions in use  DS0s in use  Modem call[...]

  • Page 60

    Task 3 Using M RTG to Monitor and Graph Traff ic L oads How to Insp ect and Int erpret Data $ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Exam ple: ./cfgmaker 5urf5h0p@travis-nas-01 >> travis-nas-01.cfg In the pr e vious exam ple: 5urf5h0p is the SNMP commun ity string. travis-nas-01 is th e hostna m e of the m anag ed device. travis-nas-01.cf[...]

  • Page 61

    Task 3U sing M RTG to M onitor and Graph Traffic Lo ads How to I nspec t and Inte rpret Data $ Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # purpose: DS0s and Analog #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Target[t[...]

  • Page 62

    Task 3 Using M RTG to Monitor and Graph Traff ic L oads How to Insp ect and Int erpret Data $ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide <TR><TD><a href="/mrtg/mrtg.html">HOME</a></TD></TR> </TABLE> #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ # pur[...]

  • Page 63

    Task 3U sing M RTG to M onitor and Graph Traffic Lo ads How to I nspec t and Inte rpret Data $! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide MaxBytes2[travis-nas-01_vpdn_tunnelanddenied]: 200 Title[travis-nas-01_vpdn_tunnelanddenied]: cvpdnTunnelTotal and cvpdnDeniedUsersTotal PageTop[travis-nas-01_vpdn_tunnelanddenied]: <H2>cvpdnTunnelTotal and cv[...]

  • Page 64

    Task 3 Using M RTG to Monitor and Graph Traff ic L oads How to Insp ect and Int erpret Data $" Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide "/tmp/crontabmMaqZd" 14 lines, 610 characters #ident "@(#)root 1.19 98/07/06 SMI" /* SVr4.0 1.1.3.1 */ # # The root crontab should be used to perform accounting data collection. # # The rtc [...]

  • Page 65

    Task 3U sing M RTG to M onitor and Graph Traffic Lo ads How to I nspec t and Inte rpret Data $# Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Step 3 Use a web browser to view the MR TG ou tput files in the web page dire ctory . Note If the d oma in na me se rver (D NS ) i s no t wor king, a h ost name canno t be used by MR TG. Use the IP address inst ead.[...]

  • Page 66

    Task 3 Using M RTG to Monitor and Graph Traff ic L oads How to Insp ect and Int erpret Data $$ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 67

    $% Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Task 4Usin g Syslog, NTP, and Modem Call Records to Isolate and T roubleshoot Faults About Syslog Syslog, Net work Time Proto col ( NT P), a nd mode m cal l re cord s wo rk toge the r to is ola te an d troublesh oot fault s in a di al ac cess n etwork. Syslog ena bles yo u to :  Centr ally lo g and analy[...]

  • Page 68

    Task 4Usin g Sysl og, N TP, a nd Mode m Call Reco rds to Is olate and T roubl eshoo t Fau lt s About Syslog $& Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide By using th e logging ? command, you can see the log settings for distinct de stinations: travis-nas-01(config)# logging ? Hostname or A.B.C.D IP address of the logging host buffered Set buffered[...]

  • Page 69

    Task 4Using Syslog, NTP, and Modem Call Rec ords to Isolate and Tr oublesho ot Fault s About NTP $' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide About NTP The N etwor k Time Protoc ol ( NTP):  Provides a synch ronize d time ba se for networ ked router s, servers, an d other devices.  Coordinat es t he t im e of ne twork ev ents, whic h h elp s[...]

  • Page 70

    Task 4Usin g Sysl og, N TP, a nd Mode m Call Reco rds to Is olate and T roubl eshoo t Fau lt s About Mod em Call Record s % Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Figur e 17 Web-Based MCR View er Y o u can view entire log files or port ions of logs in th e MCR viewer . In addi tion, you ca n parse for specif ic us ers and oth er call attrib ute[...]

  • Page 71

    Task 4Using Syslog, NTP, and Modem Call Rec ords to Isolate and Tr oublesho ot Fault s About Modem Cal l R ecords % Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Enabling NT P on a C isco IOS Dev ice T o enable NTP an d related cl ocking serv ices, follo w these steps. Step 1 From th e Cisco IOS device, enter the following co mmand s. Enab le de bug ti[...]

  • Page 72

    Task 4Usin g Sysl og, N TP, a nd Mode m Call Reco rds to Is olate and T roubl eshoo t Fau lt s About Mod em Call Record s % Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 6 V erify that th e router is rec eivi ng NTP packets from the NTP ser ver b y entering the follo wing comman d: travis-nas-01> show ntp association address ref clock st when pol[...]

  • Page 73

    Task 4Using Syslog, NTP, and Modem Call Rec ords to Isolate and Tr oublesho ot Fault s About Modem Cal l R ecords %! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Step 4 Edit the ntp .conf file by changi ng multicastclient to server follo wed by th e IP address of the ta rget NTP se rve r: # @(#)ntp.client 1.2 96/11/06 SMI # # /etc/inet/ntp.client # # An [...]

  • Page 74

    Task 4Usin g Sysl og, N TP, a nd Mode m Call Reco rds to Is olate and T roubl eshoo t Fau lt s About Mod em Call Record s %" Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Troublesho oting the NTP Client Enabling S yslog and Modem Call Reco rds in the Cisco IO S Software T o e nable syslog messa ges in the Cisco IOS software and send them to a syslog[...]

  • Page 75

    Task 4Using Syslog, NTP, and Modem Call Rec ords to Isolate and Tr oublesho ot Fault s About Modem Cal l R ecords %# Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Step 3 Enab le mod em ca ll reco rds in th e Cis co IOS by enterin g the fo llowing c omman d: ! modem call-record terse ! A modem call record, whic h is a syslog m essage, looks like thi s: May[...]

  • Page 76

    Task 4Usin g Sysl og, N TP, a nd Mode m Call Reco rds to Is olate and T roubl eshoo t Fau lt s About Mod em Call Record s %$ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 4 (Option al) T o disable syslo g messag es and SNMP tr aps when di al interfaces go up and down, use the comm an ds no logging event link-status an d no snmp trap link-status . Al[...]

  • Page 77

    Task 4Using Syslog, NTP, and Modem Call Rec ords to Isolate and Tr oublesho ot Fault s About Modem Cal l R ecords %% Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide #Following is the new line. It adds a logging facility number and direcory path for the #log file (router.log). local0.debug /var/log/router.log Note The previous sys log.c on f exampl e has bee[...]

  • Page 78

    Task 4Usin g Sysl og, N TP, a nd Mode m Call Reco rds to Is olate and T roubl eshoo t Fau lt s About Mod em Call Record s %& Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Inspecting Syslog Messages in t he Log F ile T o inspect sysl og messa ges by usi ng C isco IOS com mands, U ni x co mm ands, FTP , an d a web b rowser , follo w these steps: Step 1[...]

  • Page 79

    Task 4Using Syslog, NTP, and Modem Call Rec ords to Isolate and Tr oublesho ot Fault s About Modem Cal l R ecords %' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide T able 21 sho ws the gene ric URL synt ax to use. Be sure to replace th e va riable s with your own inform ation. The FTP server automatica lly prompt s you for a login pa ssword. T able 21[...]

  • Page 80

    Task 4Usin g Sysl og, N TP, a nd Mode m Call Reco rds to Is olate and T roubl eshoo t Fau lt s About Mod em Call Record s & Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 81

    & Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Task 5Setting Up a Web Portal for the Dial NMS About a W eb Po rtal A web portal for the dial NMS is a comb inat ion of CG I scri pts and HTML lin ks used to suppo rt a dial Intern et acc ess service. As the num ber o f devices and a pplica tions i n a ne twork inc rease , t he o pe ratio ns s uppo rt[...]

  • Page 82

    Task 5Settin g Up a W eb Portal for the Dial NMS About a Web Portal & Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Cisco IO S CLI Command Center A web pag e that pro vides HTT P access to freque ntly used Cisco IOS C LI c ommands. The op erat ions t eam a nd hel p desk c an use this utility to troublesho ot connecti vity problems. See the “Using H[...]

  • Page 83

    Task 5Sett ing Up a Web Por tal for the Dial N MS About a Web P ortal &! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Building a Dev ice Lin ker Web Pag e A device linker web page:  Simplif ies acce ss to the m any d e vice-manag ement interf aces in the net work.  Provides lin ks to the te lnet, con sole , and H TTP por ts of C isco IOS device[...]

  • Page 84

    Task 5Settin g Up a W eb Portal for the Dial NMS About a Web Portal &" Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide <td><a href=" http://172.21.10.1 "> travis-nas-01 </a></td> <td><a href=" telnet://172.21.10.1 "> 172.21.10.1 </a></td> <td><a href=" telnet://172.2[...]

  • Page 85

    Task 5Sett ing Up a Web Por tal for the Dial N MS About a Web P ortal &# Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Step 5 Click on an acti v e de vice link. After a telnet session opens, log in. Figur e 21 Console P ort Lo gin Troublesho oting a Cisco 251 1 Console Connection If you cann ot access th e console o f a de vice, fo llo w these step s:[...]

  • Page 86

    Task 5Settin g Up a W eb Portal for the Dial NMS About HT TP Access to the CL I &$ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 3 (Optional) Sometimes administrato rs inadver tently lea ve li nes in use. T o make idle telne t sessions end after 30 minutes, enter the exec-timeo ut 30 0 comm and on all the lines. ! line 1 16 no exec exec-timeout [...]

  • Page 87

    Task 5Sett ing Up a Web Por tal for the Dial N MS About HTTP Acc ess to the CLI &% Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Step 2 Create a ta ble i n an H T ML w eb pa ge and en ter you r li st of fr eq uent ly use d Cisco IOS CL I co mmand s. Note T o create the link f or a CLI comm and, spec ify the IP ad dress of the Cisco IOS de vice followe[...]

  • Page 88

    Task 5Settin g Up a W eb Portal for the Dial NMS About HT TP Access to the CL I && Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 3 Post the HTML page that you created in Step 2 to a web server . T able 28 Ca ll Stat e Com mands show modem show caller show users show modem call-stats show caller ip sho w dialer show modem ? show caller time o[...]

  • Page 89

    Task 5Sett ing Up a Web Por tal for the Dial N MS About HTTP Acc ess to the CLI &' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Figur e 22 Cisco IOS CLI Commander F or the source code that cr eated th e Cis co IOS CLI Co mmande r in Fig ure 22, go t o http://www .cisco.com/uni ve rcd/cc/td/ doc/cisintwk/intso lns/dialnms/httpcl i.txt[...]

  • Page 90

    Task 5Settin g Up a W eb Portal for the Dial NMS About HT TP Access to the CL I ' Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 4 Click on a C LI c omm and an d v iew the c om mand ou tput in a we b p age. Figur e 23 Output for the Sho w Caller Command[...]

  • Page 91

    ' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Task 6Managing IP Ad dresses by Using DNS About Managing IP Addresses Managin g I P addr e sses i s a pri mary n etwork a dmi nist ratio n f uncti on. A ssign ing an d r emoving IP add resses can be tedious and erro r prone. Regardle ss—you must man age IP addre sses to av oid duplica te IP subnets[...]

  • Page 92

    Task 6Manag ing I P Add resses by Us ing DNS About Man aging IP Ad dresses ' Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Using Cisco Ne twork R egistra r CLI Command s Database lo cking pre vents multi ple users f rom writi ng to the same datab ase records c oncurrently . Howe ver , a n adm ini stra tor may oc casi onall y n ot exit a se ssion pr [...]

  • Page 93

    Task 6Mana ging IP Add resses by Usin g DNS About Managi ng IP Addres ses '! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Step 5 When wor k ing with a re ver se zone, you c an map an IP ad dress to a router by ente ring the zo ne command and th e addRR resour ce record (RR) o ption : nrcmd> zone 101.21.172.in-addr.arpa. addRR 7 PTR bobslake-nas-0[...]

  • Page 94

    Task 6Manag ing I P Add resses by Us ing DNS About Man aging IP Ad dresses '" Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 9 T o add an “ A” Resource Rec ord (RR ) to a for ward zone (domain ) a nd map a name to a n IP add ress, enter the zone co mmand: nrcmd> zone the.net. addRR bobslake-nas-02 A 172.21.10.18 @ IN NS onionring.the[...]

  • Page 95

    Task 6Mana ging IP Add resses by Usin g DNS About Managi ng IP Addres ses '# Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Using a Batch File to Make Changes to a DNS Configuration CNR can use batch f iles to make lar ge and small-scale changes to the DNS conf iguration with in your network. T o use the batch-f ile f acility to add and remo ve entrie[...]

  • Page 96

    Task 6Manag ing I P Add resses by Us ing DNS About Man aging IP Ad dresses '$ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Creating a Pr imary Forw ar d Zone T o create a dom ain (or forwa rd zo ne) and inc lude a ll for ward ma pping (t he “ A” records) for t he d omain, follo w these steps: Step 1 Create a domain and i nclude all fo rwar d ma[...]

  • Page 97

    Task 6Mana ging IP Add resses by Usin g DNS About Managi ng IP Addres ses '% Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide T o create an IP trac ker web page, fo llow these steps : Step 1 Become f amiliar with the la yout of an IP trac ker web page. In Figure 24, the subnet co lumn sho ws a list of all manage d zones. The assignme nt colu mn descri b[...]

  • Page 98

    Task 6Manag ing I P Add resses by Us ing DNS About Man aging IP Ad dresses '& Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 2 Understa nd how the CG I scripts func tion. There ar e tw o scr ip ts th at w o rk to g ether to re tur n an NSLO OKUP li st query (ls) for a sp eci fi e d zon e in a CGI lin k.  dnszone.pl —Ru ns the CGI proces[...]

  • Page 99

    Task 6Mana ging IP Add resses by Usin g DNS How to Create a Rever se DNS Zone '' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide How to Create a Reverse DNS Zone By creat ing reverse lookup zo nes for each I P subnet, you gain a robust databa se that c an be use d to trac k assignme nts with in a n IP addre ss s pace . Reverse lookup s ca n d eter[...]

  • Page 100

    Task 6Manag ing I P Add resses by Us ing DNS How to Cre ate a Revers e DNS Zon e  Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 101

     Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Task 7 Using HP OpenView to Crea te the SNMP Framework About HP OpenView The prima ry fu nctio n of HP OpenV i e w (H PO V) is t o mana ge fa ults . In this c ase study , HP Open V ie w:  Disco ver s all th e de vices in the n etwork.  Functions as the central-s tarting point fo r other eleme n[...]

  • Page 102

    Task 7Usi ng HP OpenVie w to Crea te t he SNM P Fr amework About HP OpenView  Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Describi ng the adv anced capabiliti es of HPO V is outside the scope of this document . Fo r more informatio n, go to http://o vweb .exter nal.hp.com/l pe/doc_serv / and http://www .open vie w .hp. com For Cisco IOS SNM P con[...]

  • Page 103

    Task 7Using HP Open View to Create the SN MP Frame work About HP OpenV iew ! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide object manager name: snmpCollect state: RUNNING PID: 451 last message: No values configured for collection. exit status: - object manager name: ovrepld state: RUNNING PID: 452 last message: Initialization Complete. exit status: [...]

  • Page 104

    Task 7Usi ng HP OpenVie w to Crea te t he SNM P Fr amework About HP OpenView " Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Figur e 26 SNMP Config uration: L oopbac k IP A ddress and Com munity Str ings Step 4 Click Add and A pply to submit the entries.[...]

  • Page 105

    Task 7Using HP Open View to Create the SN MP Frame work About SNMP Demand Po lls # Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide About SNMP Demand Po lls Perform a n SNM P d em and p ol l f or a new manage d device if yo u do n ot want to wait fo r th e next automa tic topo lo gy p oll . HPO V pe rform s l ess f reque nt au to matic to polo gy de m [...]

  • Page 106

    Task 7Usi ng HP OpenVie w to Crea te t he SNM P Fr amework About SNM P Demand Polls $ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Map color l egend:  Green—T he de vice is up.  Y ello w—Multip le interfa ces are do wn.  Light blu e—O ne i n terfa ce i s down.  Dark b lue —The device is d ete ct ed, but it has never been m a na[...]

  • Page 107

    Task 7Using HP Open View to Create the SN MP Frame work About SNMP Demand Po lls % Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Testing SNMP Get Requ ests T o test th at a de vice resp onds to SN MP Get re ques ts, fo llow these s teps : Step 1 Select a device icon in the map (si ngle cli ck). Step 2 From the Fa u l t menu , sele ct T est IP/TCP/SN[...]

  • Page 108

    Task 7Usi ng HP OpenVie w to Crea te t he SNM P Fr amework About SNM P Demand Polls & Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Troublesho oting SNMP a nd a De mand Po ll If a de vice is not responding to a demand poll, follo w these steps: Step 1 Poll a d ifferent device to se e if i t r esp onds to SNMP . If the device respo nds, H PO V i[...]

  • Page 109

    Task 7Using HP Open View to Create the SN MP Frame work About SNMP Demand Po lls ' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Setting up alarms for di f ferent kinds of traps is outside the scope of this documen t. T o verify tha t HPO V is recei ving traps from dev ices in the network , follow th ese steps: Step 1 Open th e All Ev ents Bro [...]

  • Page 110

    Task 7Usi ng HP OpenVie w to Crea te t he SNM P Fr amework About SNM P Demand Polls  Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Unmanag in g the D ial Ports Do not poll the a synch ronous and serial in terfaces o n Cisco a ccess servers. T he re asons for this reco mmen da ti o n in cl ud e:  As remote users di al in to an access se rver ,[...]

  • Page 111

    Task 7Using HP Open View to Create the SN MP Frame work About SNMP Demand Po lls  Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Step 2 Find the follo wing in terface s:  Serial in terface chann els (B and D c hannels ). For example, Se1/0/0: 6 and Se1/ 0/0:23  Asynchr onous inte rfaces. For example, Async 1/2/ 1 Step 3 Select a group of p o[...]

  • Page 112

    Task 7Usi ng HP OpenVie w to Crea te t he SNM P Fr amework About Dis covery Filte rs  Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide T o manually re-st ructur e device maps to adequa tely repr esent your network an d turn off the automatic-la yout function for the to p-le ve l map, follo w these steps: Step 1 Re-structu re the top-le vel map by sele[...]

  • Page 113

    Task 7Using HP Open View to Create the SN MP Frame work About Discovery Filters ! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide After a f ilter is set up, HPO V will not discov er de vices unless they are def ined b y the f ilter . Edit the f ilter each time a ne w device is added to the networ k. F or more inf ormation ab out disco ve ry f ilter s,[...]

  • Page 114

    Task 7Usi ng HP OpenVie w to Crea te t he SNM P Fr amework About Dis covery Filte rs " Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide } . . . FilterExpressions { // // The following combines the two set filters // defined above into one FilterExpression. // It works unmodified as a discovery filter. // To work as a map filter, network and segme[...]

  • Page 115

    Task 7Using HP Open View to Create the SN MP Frame work About Discovery Filters # Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Using the HPOV CLI t o Enter a Device i nt o the Database Sometime s devices do not appea r in the device map, or they are accidental ly delete d from th e HPO V database. T o manually load de vices in to the HPO V database[...]

  • Page 116

    Task 7Usi ng HP OpenVie w to Crea te t he SNM P Fr amework About Dis covery Filte rs $ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 117

    % Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Task 8 Using CiscoWorks 2000 Resource Manager Essentials About CiscoWorks 2000 RME Cisco W orks 200 0 Reso urce M ana ger E ssent ials (CW 200 0 R ME) is a n ele ment m a nager u sed to routine ly m anage Cisco equi pme nt. In this ca se stud y , CW2 000 RME i s u sed for t he fo llowing ta sks:  In[...]

  • Page 118

    Task 8 Using CiscoWorks 2000 Resource Manager Essential s About CiscoW orks 2000 RME & Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Importing Devic es fro m HPOV an d Popu l ating the Data bases In this case study , CW2000 RM E relies on the automati c-disc ove ry mech anis m in HPO V to discover de vice s in th e networ k. CW2 000 RME ext rac[...]

  • Page 119

    Task 8Using CiscoWo rks 2000 Resourc e Manager Es sential s About CiscoWorks 2000 RME ' Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Step 6 In the I mpo rt f ro m Loca l N MS scre en :  Select HP Openview fro m t he N M Pro duc t r ect angul ar-shape d menu.  Choose Resolve conflict s after impo rting .  Choose Cisco devices only . Th[...]

  • Page 120

    Task 8 Using CiscoWorks 2000 Resource Manager Essential s About CiscoW orks 2000 RME   Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Verifying that Device Polling is Turned On T o verify tha t polling is enabled or to alter an y pollin g settings, f ollo w th ese steps. Step 1 From the Admin men u, c lic k on A vailability : Change Po lling Options[...]

  • Page 121

    Task 8Using CiscoWo rks 2000 Resourc e Manager Es sential s About CiscoWorks 2000 RME   Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Polling the Devices T o inspect the status and a v ailab ility of the de vices, follo w these steps. Step 1 From the Ta s k s menu , click o n A vaila bility: Reachability Dashboard . Figur e 35 The St atu s of the De[...]

  • Page 122

    Task 8 Using CiscoWorks 2000 Resource Manager Essential s About CiscoW orks 2000 RME  Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Step 4 Select Al l in the V ie ws windo w . Figur e 36 Devices Lis ted in the A v ailability Monit or Step 5 Select one or mo re devices. Step 6 Click Fin ish . Step 7 Inspect the a v ailable e lements fo r the de vices. [...]

  • Page 123

    Task 8Using CiscoWo rks 2000 Resourc e Manager Es sential s About CiscoWorks 2000 RME  ! Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Backing up Cisco IOS C onfigurations Having quic k ac ce ss t o arc hived configuratio n files reduc es net work d owntime w hen pro bl ems o cc ur . Note Y ou can only back up mana ged d ev ices . T o back up t he Ci s[...]

  • Page 124

    Task 8 Using CiscoWorks 2000 Resource Manager Essential s About CiscoW orks 2000 RME  " Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide Using CiscoVie w CiscoV ie w is a GUI-based device managem ent software ap plicat ion that le ts you acc ess dynamic st atus, statist ics, and com prehensive configuration in format ion for Ci sco product s. T o in[...]

  • Page 125

    Task 8Using CiscoWo rks 2000 Resourc e Manager Es sential s About CiscoWorks 2000 RME  # Basic Dial NMS Implementation Guide Figur e 39 A v ailable Modems in the Cisco AS5800 Dial Shelf[...]

  • Page 126

    Task 8 Using CiscoWorks 2000 Resource Manager Essential s About CiscoW orks 2000 RME  $ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]

  • Page 127

     Basic Dial NMS Implem entati on Gui de INDE X A AAA case study x CLI co mmands 27, 28 design 27 negotia tion 57 servers 31 B busy hour ra ti o 31 C capaci ty plan ning 31 Cisco 2511 31 setting up 83 Cisco 2 511, co nsole c onnec ti on, t ro ubles hoot ing 85 Cisco AS53 00 MRTG conf iguration file 60 MRTG graphs 57 Cisco AS58 00 31 Cisco IOS CL [...]

  • Page 128

    Index Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide D Devi ce Link er, s etti ng up 83 dial NMS benefit s 24 case study 23 config uration de sign para meters 33 hardwa re r eq uire ment s 31 implem entation and oper ation tas ks 35 network topo logy 30 planning qu esti onna ire 25 service def inition 27 soft ware re quirem ents 32 dir comm and 87 DNS about [...]

  • Page 129

    Index ! Basic Dial NMS Implem entati on Gui de ip http ser ver comm and 86 L line r equirements 31 loadhos ts -m comma nd 115 logging, Se e syslog 67 loggi ng buffer ed comm and 75 logging c om mand 75 loggi ng consol e command 75 logging fac ility command 75 loggin g tr ap co mma nd 75 loopbac k address 34 M MIBs about 16 dow nloa ding fr om Ci sc[...]

  • Page 130

    Index " Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide polling devi ces CiscoWorks 200 0 RME 120 warnings 37, 54 portal, for a dial N MS 81 PPP 57, 69 PRI lines 31 ps - elf co mmand 77 R RADIUS design 26, 29 S secu rit y mana geme nt AAA case study x CLI co mmands 27, 29 for IP netw orks x HTTP 86 inci dent trac king 69 SNMP 21 service def inition 27 se[...]

  • Page 131

    Index # Basic Dial NMS Implem entati on Gui de console wa rn ings 75 daemon, c on figu rin g 76 design 30 destinations 68 enab ling o n a Cisco IOS devi ce 74 link s tatus even ts, di sab ling 76 log file , inspectin g 78 server 68 severity levels 68 WAN links 31 T T3 c ards 31 TACACS+ d es ign 26, 29 tail -f command 78 terminal server, setting up [...]

  • Page 132

    Index $ Basic Dial NMS Implemen tation Guide[...]