Casio fx-500ES manuale d’uso

http://world.casio.com/edu/ RCA502127-001V01 E fx-500ES User's Guide[...]

CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany[...]

E-1 About this Manual • The MA TH mark indicates an example that uses Math f ormat, while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about input/output f or mats, see “Specifying the Input/Output F ormat”. •K e ycap mar kings indicate what a ke y inputs or what function it performs. Example: 1 , 2 , + , - , ! , A , etc. •P ressing[...]

E-2 • The cursor key is mark ed with four arro ws, indicating direction, as shown in the illustration nearby . In this User’s Guide, cursor ke y operation is indicated as f , c , d , and e . • The displays and illustr ations (such as key markings) shown in this User’ s Guide and the separate Appendix are for illustr ative purposes only , an[...]

E-3 Safety Precautions Be sure to read the f ollowing safety precautions bef ore using this calculator . K eep this manual handy for later ref erence. Caution This symbol is used to indicate inf or mation that can result in personal injury or mater ial damage if ignored. Battery •A fter removing the battery from the calculator, put it in a saf e [...]

E-4 Handling Precautions •B e sure to press the O ke y before using the calculator f or the first time. •E ven if the calculator is operating normally , replace the battery at least once every tw o years. A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator . Nev er leav e a dead battery in the calculator. • The batter[...]

E-5 Befor e Using the Calculator k Removing the Har d Case Bef ore using the calculator, slide its hard case do wnwards to remov e it, and then affix the hard case to the bac k of the calculator as shown in the illustration below . k T urning P ower On and Off •P ress O to turn on the calculator. •P ress 1A (OFF) to turn off the calculator. k A[...]

E-6 k About the Display Y our calculator has a 31-dot × 96-dot LCD screen. Example: k Display Indicator s Sample Display: This Means this: indicator: The keypad has been shifted b y pressing the 1 ke y. The ke ypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a k ey . The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the S ke y. T[...]

E-7 Important! •F or a very complex calculation or some other type of calculation that takes a long time to e xecute, the displa y ma y show only the abov e indicators (without any value) while it perf orms the calculation internally . Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup k Calculation Modes When you want to perf orm this type of Select this op[...]

E-8 Specifying the Input/Output Format For this input/output format: P erf orm this key operation: Math 1N 1 (MthIO) Linear 1N 2 (LineIO) •M ath format causes fractions, irrational n umbers, and other e xpressions to be displa yed as the y are written on paper. •L inear format causes fractions and other expressions to be display ed in a single [...]

E-9 •N orm: Selecting one of the tw o availab le settings (Nor m1, Norm2) determines the range in which results will be display ed in non- e xponential format. Outside the specified r ange, results are display ed using exponential f ormat. Norm1: 10 –2 >  x  ,  x  > 10 10 Norm2: 10 –9 >  x  ,  x  > 10 10 Ex[...]

E-10 k Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings P erf or ming the follo wing procedure initializes the calculation mode and other setup settings as shown belo w . 1 9 (CLR) 1 (Setup) = (Y es) This setting: Is initialized to this: Calculation Mode COMP Input/Output Format MthIO Angle Unit Deg Display Digits Norm1 Fr action Display F orma[...]

E-11 Example: sin 30 = LINE s 30)= Pressing s inputs “sin(”. •N ote that the input procedure is different if y ou want to use Math fo rm at. For more inf ormation, see “Inputting with Math Format”. Omitting the Multiplication Sign Y ou can omit the multiplication sign ( × ) in any of the f ollowing cases . •B efore an open parentheses [...]

E-12 •N ormally the input cursor appears as a straight ver tical ( I ) or horizontal ( ) flashing line on the displa y screen. When there are 10 or fe wer bytes of input remaining in the current e xpression, the cursor changes shape to I to let you know . If the I cursor appears, terminate the expression at a con venient point and calculate the r[...]

E-13 Deleting a Character or Function Example: To correct the expression 369 × × 12 so it becomes 369 × 12 LINE Insert Mode: 369**12 dd Y Ov erwrite Mode: 369**12 ddd Y Correcting a Calculation Example: To correct cos(60) so it becomes sin(60) LINE Insert Mode: c 60) ddd Y s Ov erwrite Mode: c 60) dddd s Inserting Input into a Calculation Alwa y[...]

E-14 k Displaying the Location of an Err or If an error message (lik e “Math ERROR” or “Syntax ERR OR”) appears when you press = , press d or e . This will display the part of the calculation where the error occurred, with the cursor positioned at the error location. Y ou can then mak e necessar y corrections. Example: When you input 14 ÷ [...]

E-15 Functions and Symbols Supported for Math Format Input • The “Bytes” column shows the n umber of bytes of memory that are used up by input. Function/Symbol Ke y Operation Bytes Improper F raction ' 9 Mixed F r action 1 ' ( ( )1 3 log(a,b) (Logarithm) & 6 10^ x (P ower of 10) 1l ( $ )4 e^ x (P ower of e ) 1i ( % )4 Square Roo[...]

E-16 Example 3: To input (1 + ) 2 × 2 = MA TH (1+ ' 2 c 5 e ) Math w *2= •W hen you press = and obtain a calculation result using Math fo rm at, par t of the expression y ou input can be cut off as shown in the Example 3 screen shot. If you need to vie w the entire input e xpression again, press A and then press e . Incorporating a V alue i[...]

E-17 Function Ke y Operation Resulting Expression Pow er Root 1 6 ( " ) Y ou can also incor porate v alues into the following functions. 1l ( $ ), 1i ( % ), ! , 6 , 1 ! ( # ), D Displaying Calculation Results in a Form that Includes ' ' ' ' ' 2, π , etc. (Irrational Number Form) When “MthIO” is selected for the in[...]

E-18 Example 3: sin –1 (0.5) = π (Angle Unit: Rad) MA TH 1 s (sin –1 ) 0.5= Math • The follo wing are the calculations for which ' fo rm (form that includes ' within irrational number display) results can be display ed. a. Arithmetic calculations of values with square root symbol ( ' ), x 2 , x 3 , x –1 b. Tr igonometr ic fu[...]

E-19 Example: The underlined areas in the abov e examples indicate what caused decimal f or m to be used. Reasons why the results of the e xamples are displayed in decimal form -V alue outside of the allowab le range -M ore than two ter ms in the calculation result • Calculation results display ed in ' fo rm are reduced to a common denominat[...]

E-20 Basic Calculations (COMP) This section e xplains how to perform arithmetic, fraction, percent, and sexagesimal calculations . All calculations in this section are perf ormed in the COMP Mode ( N 1 ). k Arithmetic Calculations Use the + , - , * , and / ke ys to perf or m arithmetic calculations. Example: 7 × 8 – 4 × 5 = 36 LINE 7*8-4*5= •[...]

E-21 Omitting a Final Closed P arenthesis Y ou can omit any closed parenthesis ( ) ) immediately preceding operation of the = k ey at the end of a calculation. This is true only in the case of Linear format. Example: (2 + 3) × (4 – 1) = 15 LINE (2+3)* (4-1= k Fraction Calculations How y ou should input fractions depends on the input/output forma[...]

E-22 Switching between Fraction and Decimal Format • The f or mat of the fraction depends on the currently selected fraction display f ormat setting (improper fraction or mixed fraction). •Y ou cannot switch from decimal f ormat to mixed fraction f or mat if the total number of digits used in the mix ed fraction (including integer , numerator ,[...]

E-23 Sexa gesimal Calculations •P erforming the following types of se xagesimal calculations produces a se xagesimal result. -A ddition or subtraction of two se xagesimal values -M ultiplication or division of a sexagesimal v alue and a decimal value Appendix <#012> 2 ° 20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3 ° 00´00˝ Con verting V alues between Sexage[...]

E-24 Using Calculation History Memory and Replay (COMP) Calculation history memor y maintains a record of each calculation e xpression y ou input and e xecute, and its result. Y ou can use calculation history memor y in the COMP Mode ( N 1 ) only . Recalling Calculation History Memory Contents Press f to back-step through calculation history memory[...]

E-25 Using Calculator Memory Memory Name Description An sw er Memo ry Stores the last calculation result obtained. Independent Calculation results can be added to or subtracted Memory from independent memor y . The “M” display indicator indicates data in independent memory . Va r iables Six variab les named A, B, C, D , X, and Y can be used for[...]

E-26 Inputting Answer Memory Contents into an Expression Example: To perform the calculations shown below: LINE 123+456= 789- G = k Independent Memory (M) Y ou can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory . The “M” appears on the display when independent memory contains a value. Independent Memory Overview • The [...]

E-27 Calculation Examples Using Independent Memory • If the “M” indicator is on the displa y , perform the procedure under “Clearing Independent Memor y” before perf orming this example. Example: 23 + 9 = 32 23+9 m 53 – 6 = 47 53-6 m –) 45 × 2 = 90 45*2 1m (M–) 99 ÷ 3 = 33 99/3 m (T otal) 22 tm (M) Clearing Independent Memory Pres[...]

E-28 Function Calculations This section explains ho w to use the calculator’ s built-in functions. The functions av ailable to you depends on the calculation mode y ou are in. The e xplanations in this section are mainly about the functions that are av ailable in all calculation modes. All of the e xamples in this section sho w operation in the C[...]

E-29 k Con verting an Input V alue to the Calculator’ s Default Angle Unit After inputting a value , press 1G (DRG ' ) to displa y the angle unit specification menu shown belo w . Press the number ke y that corresponds to the angle unit of the input value . The calculator will automatically conv er t it to the calculator’ s default angle u[...]

E-30 k Po wer Functions and P ower Root Functions X 2 , X 3 , X –1 , X ^ , ' ' ' ' ' (, 3 ' ' ' ' ' (, ^ ' ' ' ' ' ( Appendix <#024> to <#028> k Rectangular-P olar Coor dinate Con version Rectangular Polar Coor dinates Coordinates (Rec) (P ol) •C oordinate co[...]

E-31 k Other Functions This section explains ho w to use the functions shown below . !, Abs(, Ran#, n P r , n C r , Rn d( F actorial (!) This function obtains the f actorials of a value that is zero or a positiv e integer . Appendix <#031> (5 + 3)! = 40320 Absolute V alue Calculation (Abs) When you are perf orming a real number calculation, t[...]

E-32 Display Digits Setting: F ix or Sci The value is rounded to the specified n umber of digits. Example: 200 ÷ 7 × 14 = 400 LINE 200/7*14= (Specifies three decimal places.) 1N 6 (Fix) 3 FIX (Calculation is perf ormed inter nally using 15 digits.) 200/7= FIX *14= FIX The f ollowing performs the same calculation with rounding. 200/7= FIX (Round t[...]

E-33 Tr a n sfor ming Displayed Va l ues Y ou can use the procedures in this section to transform a displa yed va lue to engineer ing notation, or to transform between standard f orm and decimal f or m. k Using Engineering Notation A simple ke y operation transforms a displa yed value to engineering notation. Appendix <#035> T r ansf orm the [...]

E-34 Examples of S-D T ransf ormation Note that S-D transf ormation can take some time to perform. Example: Fr action → Decimal MA TH ' 5 c 6= Math •E ach press of the f key toggles betw een the two forms. f f Appendix <#037> π F raction → Decimal <#038> ' → Decimal Statistical Calculation (ST A T) All calculations in[...]

E-35 k Inputting Sample Data Displa ying the ST A T Editor Screen The ST A T editor screen appears after you enter the ST A T Mode from another mode. Use the ST A T menu to select a statistical calculation type. T o display the ST A T editor screen from another ST A T Mode screen, press 1 1 (ST A T) 2 (Data). ST A T Editor Screen There are two ST A[...]

E-36 Example: To input the value 123.45 in cell X1 (Mov e the cursor to cell X1.) 123.45 S TAT = S TAT Registering a value causes the cursor to mov e down one cell. ST A T Editor Screen Input Precautions • The number of lines in ST A T editor screen (the number of sample data values y ou can input) depends on the type of statistical data y ou sel[...]

E-37 Inserting a Line (1) On the ST A T editor screen, move the cursor to the line that will be under the line you will insert. (2) Press 1 1 (ST A T) 3 (Edit). (3) Press 1 (Ins). Important! • Note that the inser t operation will not work if the maximum n umber of lines allowed f or the ST A T editor screen are already used. Deleting All ST A T E[...]

E-38 ST A T Menu Items Common Items Select this When you want to do this: menu item: 1 T ype Display the statistical calculation type selection screen 2 Data Display the ST A T editor screen 3 Edit Displa y the Edit sub-menu for editing ST A T editor screen contents 4 Sum Display the Sum sub-menu of commands f or calculating sums 5 Va r Displa y th[...]

E-39 V ar Sub-menu ( 1 1 (ST A T) 5 (V ar)) Select this When you want to obtain this: menu item: 1 n Number of samples 2 o Mean of the sample data 3 x σ n P opulation standard deviation 4 x σ n –1 Sample standard de viation MinMax Sub-menu ( 1 1 (ST A T) 6 (MinMax)) Select this When you want to obtain this: menu item: 1 minX Minimum value 2 max[...]

E-40 Sum Sub-menu ( 1 1 (ST A T) 4 (Sum)) Select this When you want to obtain this: menu item: 1 Σ x 2 Sum of squares of the X-data 2 Σ x Sum of the X-data 3 Σ y 2 Sum of squares of the Y -data 4 Σ y Sum of the Y -data 5 Σ xy Sum of products of the X-data and Y -data 6 Σ x 3 Sum of cubes of the X-data 7 Σ x 2 y Sum of (X-data squares × Y -d[...]

E-41 Appendix Linear Regression Calculation: <#047> to <#050> •E xamples <#048> through <#050> all use the data input in Example <#047>. *1 Estimated V alue ( y = –3 → m = ? ) *2 Estimated V alue ( x = 2 → n = ? ) Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX 2 ) Is Selected With quadratic regression, re[...]

E-42 Statistical Calculation Model Equation Calculation T ype Formula ab Exponential Regression y = AB X <#057> (A•B^X) Po wer Regression (A•X^B) y = AX B <#058> Inverse Reg ression (1/X) y = A + X B <#059> Appendix Comparison of Regression Curves • The follo wing example uses the data input in Example <#047>. <#060[...]

E-43 Changing the Current Equation T ype Setting Press N 3 (EQN) to re-enter the EQN Mode. This clears all current EQN Mode input and displa ys the equation type menu described abov e. k Inputting Coefficients Use the coefficient editor screen to input the coefficients of an equation. The coefficient editor screen shows input cells f or each of the[...]

E-44 k Solution Display After inputting and registering values on the coefficient editor screen, press = to displa y the solution(s) for the equation. • Each press of = displa ys the next solution, if there is one . Pressing = while the final solution is displa yed returns to the coefficient editor screen. • In the case of simultaneous linear e[...]

E-45 (3) After making sure the function is the way you want, press = . • This displa ys the star t value input screen. • If the initial value is not 1, press 1 to specify the initial start v alue f or this example . (4) After specifying the star t value, press = . • This displa ys the end value input screen. •S pecify the end value. (5) Aft[...]

E-46 k Start, End, and Step V alue Rules • Linear format is alwa ys used for v alue input. •Y ou can specify either values or calculation e xpressions (which m ust produce a numeric result) f or Star t, End, and Step. •S pecifying an End value that is less than the Start value causes an error , so the number table is not gener ated. • The s[...]

E-47 4. Prefix symbol: (–) (negative sign) 5. Statistical estimated value calculation: m , n , m 1 , m 2 6. P ermutations, combinations: n P r , n C r 7. Multiplication and division: × , ÷ Multiplication where sign is omitted: Multiplication sign omitted immediately before π , e , variab les (2 π , 5A, π A, etc.), functions with parentheses [...]

E-48 k Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision The calculation range , number of digits used for internal calculation, and calculation precision depends on the type of calculation y ou are performing. Calculation Range and Precision Calculation Range ± 1 × 10 –99 to ± 9.999999999 × 10 99 or 0 Number of Digits for Internal Calculat[...]

E-49 Functions Input Range Po l( x , y )  x  ,  y   9.999999999  10 99 x 2 + y 2  9.999999999  10 99 Rec( r ,  ) 0  r  9.999999999  10 99 θ : Same as sin x  a  , b, c  1  10 100 ° ’ ” 0  b, c  x  1  10 100 Decimal ↔ Se xagesimal Conversions 0 ° 0’0”   x   999999[...]

E-50 •Y our input exceeds the allo wable input r ange (par ticularly when using functions). • The calculation you are perf orming contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero). • Action •C heck the input values, reduce the n umber of digits, and try again. •W hen using independent memor y or a variable as the argum[...]

E-51 Refer ence k Po wer Requirements and Battery Replacement This calculator is powered b y a single AAA-size battery (R03 (UM- 4)). Replacing the Battery Dim figures on the displa y of the calculator indicate that batter y power is low . Continued use of the calculator when the battery is low can result in improper operation. Replace the batter y[...]

E-52 Specifications Po wer Requirements: AAA-size battery: R03 (UM-4) × 1 Battery Life: Approximately 17,000 hours (continuous displa y of flashing cursor) Po wer Consumption: 0.0002 W Operating T emperature: 0 ° C to 40 ° C Dimensions: 13.7 (H) × 80 (W) × 161 (D) mm 9 / 16  (H)  3 1 / 8  (W)  6 5 / 16  (D) Appro ximate W eight:[...]

CASIO COMPUTER CO. , L TD . 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan SA0411-A Printed in China[...]