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Buen manual de instrucciones

Las leyes obligan al vendedor a entregarle al comprador, junto con el producto, el manual de instrucciones Nortel Networks 1. La falta del manual o facilitar información incorrecta al consumidor constituyen una base de reclamación por no estar de acuerdo el producto con el contrato. Según la ley, está permitido adjuntar un manual de otra forma que no sea en papel, lo cual últimamente es bastante común y los fabricantes nos facilitan un manual gráfico, su versión electrónica Nortel Networks 1 o vídeos de instrucciones para usuarios. La condición es que tenga una forma legible y entendible.

¿Qué es un manual de instrucciones?

El nombre proviene de la palabra latina “instructio”, es decir, ordenar. Por lo tanto, en un manual Nortel Networks 1 se puede encontrar la descripción de las etapas de actuación. El propósito de un manual es enseñar, facilitar el encendido o el uso de un dispositivo o la realización de acciones concretas. Un manual de instrucciones también es una fuente de información acerca de un objeto o un servicio, es una pista.

Desafortunadamente pocos usuarios destinan su tiempo a leer manuales Nortel Networks 1, sin embargo, un buen manual nos permite, no solo conocer una cantidad de funcionalidades adicionales del dispositivo comprado, sino también evitar la mayoría de fallos.

Entonces, ¿qué debe contener el manual de instrucciones perfecto?

Sobre todo, un manual de instrucciones Nortel Networks 1 debe contener:
- información acerca de las especificaciones técnicas del dispositivo Nortel Networks 1
- nombre de fabricante y año de fabricación del dispositivo Nortel Networks 1
- condiciones de uso, configuración y mantenimiento del dispositivo Nortel Networks 1
- marcas de seguridad y certificados que confirmen su concordancia con determinadas normativas

¿Por qué no leemos los manuales de instrucciones?

Normalmente es por la falta de tiempo y seguridad acerca de las funcionalidades determinadas de los dispositivos comprados. Desafortunadamente la conexión y el encendido de Nortel Networks 1 no es suficiente. El manual de instrucciones siempre contiene una serie de indicaciones acerca de determinadas funcionalidades, normas de seguridad, consejos de mantenimiento (incluso qué productos usar), fallos eventuales de Nortel Networks 1 y maneras de solucionar los problemas que puedan ocurrir durante su uso. Al final, en un manual se pueden encontrar los detalles de servicio técnico Nortel Networks en caso de que las soluciones propuestas no hayan funcionado. Actualmente gozan de éxito manuales de instrucciones en forma de animaciones interesantes o vídeo manuales que llegan al usuario mucho mejor que en forma de un folleto. Este tipo de manual ayuda a que el usuario vea el vídeo entero sin saltarse las especificaciones y las descripciones técnicas complicadas de Nortel Networks 1, como se suele hacer teniendo una versión en papel.

¿Por qué vale la pena leer los manuales de instrucciones?

Sobre todo es en ellos donde encontraremos las respuestas acerca de la construcción, las posibilidades del dispositivo Nortel Networks 1, el uso de determinados accesorios y una serie de informaciones que permiten aprovechar completamente sus funciones y comodidades.

Tras una compra exitosa de un equipo o un dispositivo, vale la pena dedicar un momento para familiarizarse con cada parte del manual Nortel Networks 1. Actualmente se preparan y traducen con dedicación, para que no solo sean comprensibles para los usuarios, sino que también cumplan su función básica de información y ayuda.

Índice de manuales de instrucciones

  • Página 1

    > Voice over Wireless LAN Technical Solution Guide Enterprise Solutions Engineering Document Date: December 15, 2005 Document Version: 1.0[...]

  • Página 2

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 2 Copyright © 2005 Nortel Networks All rights reserved. Decem ber 20 05. The information in this document is subj ec t to change without notice. The statem ents, configurations, techn[...]

  • Página 3

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 3 Abstract This document is intended to define the Voice over Wirele ss LA N (VoWLAN) sol ution to assist sales engineers in creatin g the best design to fit the customer’s environme[...]

  • Página 4

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 C HALLENGES ...........[...]

  • Página 5

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 5 3.2.2 WLAN Handse t 2210/11/12 .................................................................................................... 58 3.3 DNS SERVER ................................[...]

  • Página 6

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 6 1. Executive summary Voice over Wireless LAN (VoWLA N) represents the coming together of two im portant and rapidly growing technologies — WLAN and Internet Protocol (IP) Telephony[...]

  • Página 7

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 7 1.1.3 Power adjustments and variable capacity The WLAN market has matured to the point t hat most vendor prod uct sol utions have dynamic mechanisms in place for ad justing channels,[...]

  • Página 8

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 8 QoS over the air techniques gen erally re quire co mplementary feature support by client and AP alike, which means that some legacy devices or pro duct s that are slower to implement[...]

  • Página 9

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 9 2.1 Applications Following is a brief description of the various voice applicatio ns. 2.1.1 WLAN Handset 2210/11/12 voice The WLAN Handsets 2210, 2211, and 2212 work onl y in a Norte[...]

  • Página 10

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 10 Dell Axim X5 (CPU >= 400 MHz) Dell Axim X3/C3i iPAQ h5550/h5555 Toshiba e750/e755 Toshiba e800/e805 2.1.4 MCS Client Multimedia Communication Server (MCS) 5100 is an application [...]

  • Página 11

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 11 location. The three architectures can be combi ned as desired, so they are not mutually exclusive choices. The basic architectures are : Distributed Campus Centralized Campus Branch[...]

  • Página 12

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 12 Figure 1: Distributed Campus architectur e 2.2.1.2 Centralized Campus A second architectural option is to centralize the se curity switches within a data center environment. The mod[...]

  • Página 13

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 13 Figure 2: Centralized Campus architecture 2.2.1.3 Branch Office The WLAN 2300 can also be deployed i n a small branch office environment. Usually this type of environment requires o[...]

  • Página 14

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 14 Figure 3: Branch Office architectu re 2.2.1.4 Combining architectures Up to now, architecture has been discus sed in binary terms—this t opology or that topology. However, the WLA[...]

  • Página 15

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 15 Figure 4: Combined architecture 2.2.1.5 Third-party AP support In some cases, integrating the WLA N 2300 series into an existing fat-AP deployment may be required or desired. For in[...]

  • Página 16

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 16 Figure 5: Network with third-party APs The WSS 2300 supports many model s of third-party APs with a few restriction s—see WSS 2300 Release Notes . All models of WSS 2300 have supp[...]

  • Página 17

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 17 the ES PSU 10 can provide up to 75 W of power to PoE devices through the ES 460-24T -PO E. This means that when running on battery or redu nda nt DC power, only about 10 or 11 APs c[...]

  • Página 18

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 18 MLT to the L2 switch. In this configuration, all APs in the branch must be DAP s powered by the L2 switch or a separate PoE injector. In most cases, you should disabl e spanning tre[...]

  • Página 19

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 19 beneficial to overall voice quality and media scalability. These are some of the dynamics to consider when making this c hoi ce. Ultimately you want to carefully control the number [...]

  • Página 20

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 20 maximum call capacity is not that much highe r than th e 802.11b channel reuse case (only up to four times as much). By contrast, 802.11 a offe rs a much greater channel spa ce. Cha[...]

  • Página 21

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 21 As a new client on the network associates to an AP for the first time, it goes through the same steps a wired client does, such as being put into a logical VLAN, issuing a DHCP broa[...]

  • Página 22

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 22 Figure 7: Single telephony VLAN implementatio n Consolidating VoWLAN handsets into o ne VLAN/sub net has a few advantages. First, it allows the WTM 2245 design to be greatly simplif[...]

  • Página 23

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 23 downstream and upstream traffic is tunn eled to and from the WSS 2300 that serves the assigned remote subnet. 2.2.2.7 WLAN Handset 2212 VPN design The WLAN Handset 2212 has a VPN fe[...]

  • Página 24

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 24 Figure 9: VPN design over L3 networks In general, make the VPN Router public interface the default gateway for the han dset s, and if not the direct gateway for clients, at least en[...]

  • Página 25

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 25 Figure 10: Not recommended VoWLAN design The VPN feature is not designed for rem ote con n ectivity over a WAN back to the corporate network. This may in some cases work, but it is [...]

  • Página 26

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 26 Figure 11: Unsupported branch VoWLAN d esign 2.2.3 High availability designs You can configure many of the comp one nts de scribed in this document to provide high availability. 2.2[...]

  • Página 27

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 27 radio power setting. Another option is to set t he minimum data rate before clien t-driven power changes occur to be 2 Mbps or less. Th is en sures that the handsets will roam (if p[...]

  • Página 28

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 28 other words, the user device will not be aware of any problem with the WLAN (other than that traffic flow has stopped) until the AP 2330 detect s the WSS 2300 failure. After the det[...]

  • Página 29

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 29 because three is the minimum number that can be tiled such that no two nei ghboring APs are controlled by the same WSS 2300. In this scen ario, if any one WSS 2300 fails, the impact[...]

  • Página 30

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 30 2.3.1 WLAN Handset 2210/11/12 security features For authentication, the WLAN Handsets 2210/11/12 support either open, WEP shared key, or WPA/WPA2 pre-shared key (PSK) mechanisms, wh[...]

  • Página 31

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 31 WPA-PSK plus MAC authentication is suitable. For WLAN Handsets 2212, Nortel also recommends use of IPsec from a securit y perspec tive. In most cases, avoid WEP. Note that Nortel do[...]

  • Página 32

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 32 subtract from medium capacity by virtue of the resulting transmission errors and t he retransmission of corrupted frame s. Th e impact of retransmission is far mo re significant on [...]

  • Página 33

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 33 particular handset that uses G.711 and 20 ms pa cket ization, you can get a maximum of eight calls on an AP. By just swi t ching to 30 ms pack etization on the same exact devices, y[...]

  • Página 34

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 34 2.4.1.2 IP Softphone 2050 and MCS Client Providing scalability rules for the IP Softphon e 205 0 or MCS Client may appear meaningle ss i n this context because the phone runs on the[...]

  • Página 35

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 35 up the other half and were known to scale up to 10, then likely the resulting mix may scale to about nine calls per AP. There is another important difference be tween the PDA and WL[...]

  • Página 36

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 36 WTM 2245s Calls per WTM 2245 Total Calls Erlangs #Handsets 10% use #Handsets 15% use #Handsets 20% use 1 80 80 65 500 433 325 2 64 128 111 1000 740 555 3 60 180 160 1500 1067 800 4 [...]

  • Página 37

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 37 and SVP in combination on the WLAN 2300 seri es. The WLAN Handse ts 2210/11/12 also support WMM, but note that as of today, the officially supported VoWLAN solutio n between handset[...]

  • Página 38

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 38 2.5.1.2 WMM description To accelerate adoption of 802.11e (even before fi nalization of the standa rd) the Wi-Fi Alliance defined two tiers of QoS capabilities, each being a sub set[...]

  • Página 39

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 39 WSS 2380 regardless of m ode of ope ration on the AP 2330. When WMM is disabled, the AP 2330 has a binary manner of applying u ser p acket s to queues. CoS 6 or 7 marked packets go [...]

  • Página 40

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 40 Auto-RF is another set of features that can hav e a negative impact on the overall quality of calls. As a general rule, dynamic adjustme nts can create many transient problem s wit [...]

  • Página 41

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 41 Figure 14: ES family s witches pe rforming packet classificatio n 2.5.2.1 Prioritizing/marking CAPP There are a number of ways to prioritize Cont rol and P rovisio ning Protocol (CA[...]

  • Página 42

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 42 The basic concept is to ha ve the WSS 2300 classi fy and mark all data, voice, and video traffic, with the assumption that the remaining unmarked tr affic consists of control traffi[...]

  • Página 43

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 43 Figure 16: Nesting of VoIP within SVP and CAPP The ES at Interface B must implement IP filters in order to class ify SVP traffic, albeit indirectly. There is no way to define a filt[...]

  • Página 44

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 44 Figure 17: ERS 5510/5520 performing packet clas sification These deployment options are presented stri ctly for the sa ke of discussion concerning the capabilities of the ERS 5510/5[...]

  • Página 45

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 45 An ERS 5510/5520 connected to the WTM 2245 at Inte rface C can be co nfigured to simply trust the markings set by the WTM 2245. Also, you would set WTM 2245 to mark traffic with a D[...]

  • Página 46

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 46 0x00 to 0x30 (110000) correspondi ng to the CS6 cl a ss. All other DSCP/ToS values are left untouched. Note that this assumes that the W SS 2300 is not connected to the ERS through [...]

  • Página 47

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 47 types of devices side by side. The other major source of problems relates to security capabilities among clients. 2.6.1.1 Separating data and v oice applications In addition to havi[...]

  • Página 48

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 48 the WLAN Handset 2210/11/12 can impl ement it as well. However, the authentic ation mechanism may still be a problem if you desire 802.1x. The WLAN 2300 series can support mix ed au[...]

  • Página 49

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 49 1. Assessment – Network Health Chec ks a nd WLAN Site Surveys (post-deploym ent) are critical assessment items. The main goal is to verify the network’s ability to provide voice[...]

  • Página 50

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 50 WLAN Site Survey Technical support for VoWLAN is cont ingent on cust omers performing a prior site survey of the WLAN. Currently Nortel recommend s th e use of the Ekahau Site Surve[...]

  • Página 51

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 51 NetIQ Vivinet Assessor Performing a Network Heal th Che ck is probably the mo st critical step to ensuring a smooth rollout for any VoIP deployment. This applies even more so to VoW[...]

  • Página 52

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 52 Meridian 1 products (as well as virtually all other Nortel product s). It can discove r the call server equipment that it supports, it can displ ay the inform ation for the slot or [...]

  • Página 53

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 53 Figure 20: ENMS 10.4 IPSM convergence vie w ENMS can provide down to physical sl ot port co nnectivity for the wired net wo rk. This topology data is extremely useful when shown in [...]

  • Página 54

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 54 Communication Server 1000 Telephony Manager Communication Server 1 0 00 Telephony Manager is a n element manager for the CS 1000 and Meridian 1 call server/PBX products, as well as [...]

  • Página 55

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 55 Figure 22: NetIQ Vivinet AppM anager – SLA reporting For the CS 1000, Vivnet AppManager provides information about the percenta g e of devices available versus unavailable, health[...]

  • Página 56

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 56 Vivinet Diagnostics is a product that can be purch ased sepa rately and used in conjunction with Vivinet AppManager. When Vivinet AppManager rece ives a call quality alert from a No[...]

  • Página 57

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 57 Enterprise Switch Manager (ESM) Just like Communication Server 1 000 Telephony Manager is the main element manager for voice products, Enterprise Switch Manager (E SM) is the main e[...]

  • Página 58

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 58 3.2.2 WLAN Handset 2210/11/12 The WLAN Handset 2210/11/12 also support s numer ous DHCP extensions for assi gnin g various configuration options. Like the AP 2330, the WL AN Ha ndse[...]

  • Página 59

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 59 the proper signaling server. This can of course get cumbersome if there are a large number of users who travel. 3.3 DNS server Another way that a DAP that is separated from a WSS 23[...]

  • Página 60

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 60 ; WLAN access points must be SVP or View compatible as tested by SpectraLink Corp. Nortel requires all WLAN networks that carry voice be SVP enabled to receive NETS/GNTS support. Fo[...]

  • Página 61

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 61 determine holes in coverage that may create dropped calls or poor voice QoS. ; 70 percent of the time, poor voice QoS received in handsets is due to problems in the infrastructure s[...]

  • Página 62

    Voice over Wireless LAN Solution Guide v1.0 December 2005 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 62 Contact us For product support and sales information, visit the Nortel web site at: www.nortel.com In North America, dial toll-free 1-800-4N orte l; outside North Ameri c a dial 987[...]