Netopia D7171 SDSL manual

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Buen manual de instrucciones

Las leyes obligan al vendedor a entregarle al comprador, junto con el producto, el manual de instrucciones Netopia D7171 SDSL. La falta del manual o facilitar información incorrecta al consumidor constituyen una base de reclamación por no estar de acuerdo el producto con el contrato. Según la ley, está permitido adjuntar un manual de otra forma que no sea en papel, lo cual últimamente es bastante común y los fabricantes nos facilitan un manual gráfico, su versión electrónica Netopia D7171 SDSL o vídeos de instrucciones para usuarios. La condición es que tenga una forma legible y entendible.

¿Qué es un manual de instrucciones?

El nombre proviene de la palabra latina “instructio”, es decir, ordenar. Por lo tanto, en un manual Netopia D7171 SDSL se puede encontrar la descripción de las etapas de actuación. El propósito de un manual es enseñar, facilitar el encendido o el uso de un dispositivo o la realización de acciones concretas. Un manual de instrucciones también es una fuente de información acerca de un objeto o un servicio, es una pista.

Desafortunadamente pocos usuarios destinan su tiempo a leer manuales Netopia D7171 SDSL, sin embargo, un buen manual nos permite, no solo conocer una cantidad de funcionalidades adicionales del dispositivo comprado, sino también evitar la mayoría de fallos.

Entonces, ¿qué debe contener el manual de instrucciones perfecto?

Sobre todo, un manual de instrucciones Netopia D7171 SDSL debe contener:
- información acerca de las especificaciones técnicas del dispositivo Netopia D7171 SDSL
- nombre de fabricante y año de fabricación del dispositivo Netopia D7171 SDSL
- condiciones de uso, configuración y mantenimiento del dispositivo Netopia D7171 SDSL
- marcas de seguridad y certificados que confirmen su concordancia con determinadas normativas

¿Por qué no leemos los manuales de instrucciones?

Normalmente es por la falta de tiempo y seguridad acerca de las funcionalidades determinadas de los dispositivos comprados. Desafortunadamente la conexión y el encendido de Netopia D7171 SDSL no es suficiente. El manual de instrucciones siempre contiene una serie de indicaciones acerca de determinadas funcionalidades, normas de seguridad, consejos de mantenimiento (incluso qué productos usar), fallos eventuales de Netopia D7171 SDSL y maneras de solucionar los problemas que puedan ocurrir durante su uso. Al final, en un manual se pueden encontrar los detalles de servicio técnico Netopia en caso de que las soluciones propuestas no hayan funcionado. Actualmente gozan de éxito manuales de instrucciones en forma de animaciones interesantes o vídeo manuales que llegan al usuario mucho mejor que en forma de un folleto. Este tipo de manual ayuda a que el usuario vea el vídeo entero sin saltarse las especificaciones y las descripciones técnicas complicadas de Netopia D7171 SDSL, como se suele hacer teniendo una versión en papel.

¿Por qué vale la pena leer los manuales de instrucciones?

Sobre todo es en ellos donde encontraremos las respuestas acerca de la construcción, las posibilidades del dispositivo Netopia D7171 SDSL, el uso de determinados accesorios y una serie de informaciones que permiten aprovechar completamente sus funciones y comodidades.

Tras una compra exitosa de un equipo o un dispositivo, vale la pena dedicar un momento para familiarizarse con cada parte del manual Netopia D7171 SDSL. Actualmente se preparan y traducen con dedicación, para que no solo sean comprensibles para los usuarios, sino que también cumplan su función básica de información y ayuda.

Índice de manuales de instrucciones

  • Página 1

    Net opia ™ D-Series DSL DS Us D3100-I IDSL D3232 IDSL D7100 SDSL D7171 SDSL User’s Refer ence Guide[...]

  • Página 2

    C o p yright ©2000, Netopia, Inc., v .0300 All rights reser ved. Printed in the U.S.A. This manual and any associated ar twork, software, and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reser ved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or par t, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law , cop[...]

  • Página 3

    G B Part I: Getting Started Chapter 1 — Introduction .......................................................... 1-9 Over view ....................................................................... 1-9 Features and capabilities ............................................. 1-10 In DSU mode ..................................................... 1-1[...]

  • Página 4

    iv User’ s Reference Guide Chapter 4 — Configuring TCP/IP ............................................. 4-25 Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers 4-26 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers .................. 4-28 Part II: Advanced Configuration Chapter 5 — Console-Based Management ............................... 5-33 C[...]

  • Página 5

    Contents v G Statistics & Logs ......................................................... 7-51 General Statistics .............................................. 7-51 Event histories ............................................................ 7-52 System Infor mation...................................................... 7-55 SNMP ...............[...]

  • Página 6

    vi User’ s Reference Guide Chapter 9 — Utilities and Diagnostics ..................................... 9-89 Ping ............................................................................ 9-90 T race Route ................................................................. 9-92 T elnet client.....................................................[...]

  • Página 7

    Contents vii G Description................................................................ D-120 Power requir ements ......................................... D-120 Environment .................................................... D-120 Software and pr otocols ..................................... D-120 Agency approvals .............................[...]

  • Página 8

    viii User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 9

    P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I : : : : G G G G e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g S S S S t t t t a a a a r r r r t t t t e e e e d d d d[...]

  • Página 10

    User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 11

    Introduction 1-11 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 II I I n n n n t t t t r r r r o o o o d d d d u u u u c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n O O O O v v v v e e e e r r r r v v v v ii i i e e e e w w w w The Netopia D-Series DSL DSUs are Digital Ser vice Units or intelligent Ether net filtering bridges for SDSL o[...]

  • Página 12

    1-12 User’ s Reference Guide F F F F e e e e a a a a t t t t u u u u r r r r e e e e s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d c c c c a a a a p p p p a a a a b b b b ii i i ll l l ii i i t t t t ii i i e e e e s s s s The Netopia D-Series DSL DSUs all provide the following featur es: ■ Status lights (LEDs) for easy monitoring and troubleshooting. ■ Su[...]

  • Página 13

    Introduction 1-13 H H H H o o o o w w w w t t t t o o o o u u u u s s s s e e e e t t t t h h h h ii i i s s s s g g g g u u u u ii i i d d d d e e e e This guide is designed to be your single source for infor mation about your Netopia D-Series DSL DSU. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the power ful featur es of the Adobe Acrobat Reader .[...]

  • Página 14

    1-14 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 15

    Making the Physical Connections 2-15 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 2 2 2 2 M M M M a a a a k k k k ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e P P P P h h h h y y y y s s s s ii i i c c c c a a a a ll l l C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n s s s s This section tells you how to[...]

  • Página 16

    2-16 User’ s Reference Guide Y ou will need: ■ A Windows 95-, 98-, 2000-, or NT–based PC or a Macintosh computer with Ethernet connectivity for configuring the Netopia D-Series. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on car d, with TCP/IP installed and configured. See Chapter 4, “Configuring TCP/IP .” ■ An SDSL or IDSL wall outlet w[...]

  • Página 17

    Making the Physical Connections 2-17 2. Connect one end one of the RJ-45 cables to the Line 1 por t, and the other end to your SDSL or IDSL wall outlet. 3. Connect one end of one of the RJ-45 Ethernet cables to any of the Ether net por ts on the Netopia D-Series and the other end to your computer or to your network. (If you are connecting the Netop[...]

  • Página 18

    2-18 User’ s Reference Guide N N N N e e e e t t t t o o o o p p p p ii i i a a a a D D D D - - - - S S S S e e e e r r r r ii i i e e e e s s s s D D D D S S S S L L L L D D D D S S S S U U U U s s s s t t t t a a a a t t t t u u u u s s s s ll l l ii i i g g g g h h h h t t t t s s s s The figure below r epresents the Netopia D-Series status l[...]

  • Página 19

    Making the Physical Connections 2-19 Data is transmitted or received on the WAN on Channel 2 5 or 11 flashes yellow . (D3232 only) Console cable is attached and has car rier 6 and 7 are green . Data is transmitted or received 6 and 7 flash yellow . Data is transmitted or received by the ether net controller 12 flashes yellow . The Ethernet inter[...]

  • Página 20

    2-20 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 21

    Connecting to Y our Local Ar ea Network 3-21 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 3 3 3 3 C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t o o o o Y Y Y Y o o o o u u u u r r r r L L L L o o o o c c c c a a a a ll l l A A A A r r r r e e e e a a a a N N N N e e e e t t t t w w w w o o o o r r[...]

  • Página 22

    3-22 User’ s Reference Guide In bridge mode the Netopia D-Series per for ms a simple algorithm. When the Netopia D-Series receives a packet on the Ethernet hub, the packet is examined for its destination Media Access Contr ol (MAC) address. The MAC address is the physical addr ess of a device connected to a network, expressed as a 48-bit hexadeci[...]

  • Página 23

    Connecting to Y our Local Ar ea Network 3-23 R R R R e e e e a a a a d d d d y y y y ii i i n n n n g g g g c c c c o o o o m m m m p p p p u u u u t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s o o o o n n n n y y y y o o o o u u u u r r r r ll l l o o o o c c c c a a a a ll l l n n n n e e e e t t t t w w w w o o o o r r r r k k k k PC and Macintosh computers m[...]

  • Página 24

    3-24 User’ s Reference Guide C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t o o o o a a a a n n n n E E E E t t t t h h h h e e e e r r r r n n n n e e e e t t t t n n n n e e e e t t t t w w w w o o o o r r r r k k k k The Netopia D-Series suppor ts Ether net connections through its eight Ethernet por ts. [...]

  • Página 25

    Connecting to Y our Local Ar ea Network 3-25 If you add devices connected through a hub, connect the hub to Ether net por t number 1 on the Netopia D-Series and set the Nor mal/Uplink switch to Uplink. Macintosh PC PC 10Base-T Hub Ethernet Nor- 8 1[...]

  • Página 26

    3-26 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 27

    Configuring TCP/IP 4-27 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 4 4 4 4 C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g T T T T C C C C P P P P // / / II I I P P P P Computers on your network must have TCP/IP installed and configured. This chapter tells you how to configur e TCP/IP on the des[...]

  • Página 28

    4-28 User’ s Reference Guide C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g T T T T C C C C P P P P // / / II I I P P P P o o o o n n n n W W W W ii i i n n n n d d d d o o o o w w w w s s s s 9 9 9 9 5 5 5 5 o o o o r r r r 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 c c c c o o o o m m m m p p p p u u u u t t t t e e e e r r r r s s [...]

  • Página 29

    Configuring TCP/IP 4-29 4. Click OK in this window , and the next window . When pr ompted, reboot the computer . Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses. Be sur e each computer on your network has its own IP address. Click on the DNS Configuration tab. Click Enab[...]

  • Página 30

    4-30 User’ s Reference Guide C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g T T T T C C C C P P P P // / / II I I P P P P o o o o n n n n M M M M a a a a c c c c ii i i n n n n t t t t o o o o s s s s h h h h c c c c o o o o m m m m p p p p u u u u t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s The following is a quick gui[...]

  • Página 31

    Configuring TCP/IP 4-31 4. Close the TCP/IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings. 5. If you are using MacTCP , you must restar t the computer . If you are using Open T ranspor t, you do not need to restar t. These ar e the only fields you need to modify in this screen. Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configure other compu[...]

  • Página 32

    4-32 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 33

    P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I II I I : : : : A A A A d d d d v v v v a a a a n n n n c c c c e e e e d d d d C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n[...]

  • Página 34

    User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 35

    Console-Based Management 5-35 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 5 5 5 5 C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o ll l l e e e e - - - - B B B B a a a a s s s s e e e e d d d d M M M M a a a a n n n n a a a a g g g g e e e e m m m m e e e e n n n n t t t t Console-based management is a menu-driven inter face for the capabilities[...]

  • Página 36

    5-36 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Filter Sets (Firewalls). See “Security” on page 8-61 . ■ Date and time. See “Date and time” on page 6-43 . ■ Console configuration. See “Connecting a console cable to your Netopia D-Series” on page 5-36 . ■ SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). See “SNMP” on page 7-57 . ■ Security . S[...]

  • Página 37

    Console-Based Management 5-37 T o connect the Netopia D-Series to your computer for serial console communication, use the supplied dual console cable connector end appropriate to your platfor m: ■ One DB-9 connector end attaches to a PC. ■ The mini-DIN8 connector end attaches to a Macintosh computer . ■ The DB-9 end of the Console cable attac[...]

  • Página 38

    5-38 User’ s Reference Guide Alternatively , you can have a direct serial console cable connection using the provided console cable for your platfor m (PC or Macintosh) and the Console por t on the back of the Netopia D-Series. For more infor mation on attaching the console cable, see “Connecting a console cable to your Netopia D-Series” on p[...]

  • Página 39

    W AN and System Configuration 6-39 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 6 6 6 6 W W W W A A A A N N N N a a a a n n n n d d d d S S S S y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n This chapter describes how to use the console-based [...]

  • Página 40

    6-40 User’ s Reference Guide S S S S y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n s s s s c c c c r r r r e e e e e e e e n n n n s s s s Y ou can connect to the Netopia D-Series’s system configuration scr eens in either of two ways: ■ By using T[...]

  • Página 41

    W AN and System Configuration 6-41 N N N N a a a a v v v v ii i i g g g g a a a a t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h r r r r o o o o u u u u g g g g h h h h t t t t h h h h e e e e s s s s y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m c c c c o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n s s s [...]

  • Página 42

    6-42 User’ s Reference Guide M M M M a a a a n n n n a a a a g g g g e e e e m m m m e e e e n n n n t t t t II I I P P P P s s s s e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p Consult your network administrator or Internet ser vice provider to obtain the IP setup infor mation such as the Ethernet IP addr ess, Ethernet subnet mask, default IP gateway . Y ou w[...]

  • Página 43

    W AN and System Configuration 6-43 F F F F ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s e e e e t t t t s s s s When using the Netopia D-Series in bridge mode only , these screens allow you to configur e security on your network by means of filter sets. Details are given in “About filters and filter sets” on page 8-64 . D D D D a a a a t [...]

  • Página 44

    6-44 User’ s Reference Guide Y ou can change the default ter minal communications parameters to suit your requir ements. T o go to the Console Configuration screen, select Console Configuration in the System Configuration screen. Follow these steps to change a parameter’s value: 1. Select the parameter you want to change. 2. Select a new val[...]

  • Página 45

    W AN and System Configuration 6-45 Y ou can configur e a UNIX-style syslog client for the PC to repor t a number of subsets of the events entered in the Netopia D-Series’s W AN Event Histor y . See “WAN Event Histor y” on page 7-55 .The Syslog client daemon program (for the PC only) is supplied as a .ZIP file on the CustomerCar e CD. Selec[...]

  • Página 46

    6-46 User’ s Reference Guide The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events: D D D D S S S S L L L L B B B B o o o o n n n n d d d d ii i i n n n n g g g g ( ( ( ( ii i i M M M M u u u u x x x x ) ) ) ) DSL Bonding, also called inverse multiplexing or IMUX, technology combines the bandwidth of multiple DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)[...]

  • Página 47

    W AN and System Configuration 6-47 same order in which they wer e transmitted, and the reconstr ucted packet is sent on to the recipient’s networking equipment. From the point of view of the r outers or other devices connected to the inverse multiplexers, they are communicating via a single high-speed W AN channel at some multiple of the SDSL or[...]

  • Página 48

    6-48 User’ s Reference Guide The screen below shows the ISDN/IDSL option for the WAN to be configured on the D3100-I or D3232. The screen below shows the D7171’s SDSL option. These screens show the dual WAN inter faces as a single bonded inter face, and you configure them together by selecting (W an Module 1 and 2) Setup... and pressing Retur[...]

  • Página 49

    W AN and System Configuration 6-49 The Line Configuration screen appears, IDSL Line Configuration for the D3100-I or D3232, or SDSL Line Configuration for the D7100. or SDSL Line Configuration for the D7171. IDSL Line Configuration +----------+ +----------+ Clock Source... | Network | | Internal | +----------+ Bridge Mode Filter Set... Filter [...]

  • Página 50

    6-50 User’ s Reference Guide ■ The Clock Source may be either Network or Inter nal. If you select Network (the default), the Netopia D-Series IDSL inter face functions in customer pr emise equipment (CPE) mode. This mode is the normal mode for communicating with an ISP . If you select Inter nal, the Netopia D-Series functions in central of fic[...]

  • Página 51

    Monitoring T ools 7-51 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 7 7 7 7 M M M M o o o o n n n n ii i i t t t t o o o o r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g T T T T o o o o o o o o ll l l s s s s This chapter discusses the Netopia D-Series’s device and network monitoring tools. These tools can provide statistical infor mation, repor t on [...]

  • Página 52

    7-52 User’ s Reference Guide G G G G e e e e n n n n e e e e r r r r a a a a ll l l s s s s t t t t a a a a t t t t u u u u s s s s Current Date: The cur rent date; this can be set with the Date and Time utility (see “Date and time” on page 6-43 ). Default IP Gateway: The Netopia D-Series’s default gateway , which must be manually configur[...]

  • Página 53

    Monitoring T ools 7-53 R: The letter “R” means the LED is red. G: The letter “G” means the LED is green. Y: The letter “Y” means the LED is yellow . The section “Netopia D-Series DSL DSU status lights” on page 2-18 describes the meanings of the colors for each LED. S S S S t t t t a a a a t t t t ii i i s s s s t t t t ii i i c c c [...]

  • Página 54

    7-54 User’ s Reference Guide P P P P h h h h y y y y s s s s ii i i c c c c a a a a ll l l II I I n n n n t t t t e e e e r r r r f f f f a a a a c c c c e e e e The top left side of the screen lists total packets r eceived and total packets transmitted for the following data por ts: ■ Ethernet Hub ■ Aux Sync ■ IDSL 1 or SDSL 1 N N N N e e [...]

  • Página 55

    Monitoring T ools 7-55 W W W W A A A A N N N N E E E E v v v v e e e e n n n n t t t t H H H H ii i i s s s s t t t t o o o o r r r r y y y y The W AN Event Histor y screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. Each entr y in the list contains the following infor mation: Time: Time of the event. Date: Dat[...]

  • Página 56

    7-56 User’ s Reference Guide D D D D e e e e v v v v ii i i c c c c e e e e E E E E v v v v e e e e n n n n t t t t H H H H ii i i s s s s t t t t o o o o r r r r y y y y The Device Event Histor y screen lists a total of 128 por t and system events, giving the time and date for each event, as well as a brief description. The most recent events ap[...]

  • Página 57

    Monitoring T ools 7-57 S S S S y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m II I I n n n n f f f f o o o o r r r r m m m m a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n The System Infor mation screen gives a summar y view of the general system level values in the Netopia D-Series DSL DSU. From the Statistics & Logs menu select System Information . The Syst[...]

  • Página 58

    7-58 User’ s Reference Guide T T T T h h h h e e e e S S S S N N N N M M M M P P P P S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p s s s s c c c c r r r r e e e e e e e e n n n n From the Main Menu, select SNMP in the System Configuration screen and pr ess Return. The SNMP Setup screen appears. Follow these steps to configure the first thr ee items [...]

  • Página 59

    Monitoring T ools 7-59 By default, the read-only and r ead/write community strings are set to “public” and “private,” respectively . Y ou should change both of the default community strings to values known only to you and tr usted system adminis- trators. T o change a community string, select it and enter a new value. Setting the Read-Only [...]

  • Página 60

    7-60 User’ s Reference Guide S S S S e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e II I I P P P P t t t t r r r r a a a a p p p p r r r r e e e e c c c c e e e e ii i i v v v v e e e e r r r r s s s s 1. Select Add IP Trap Receiver . 2. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name . Enter the IP address or domain name of the[...]

  • Página 61

    Security 8-61 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 8 8 8 8 S S S S e e e e c c c c u u u u r r r r ii i i t t t t y y y y The Netopia D-Series provides a number of security featur es to help protect its configuration screens and your local network from unauthorized access. Although these featur es are optional, it is strongly r [...]

  • Página 62

    8-62 User’ s Reference Guide T o set up user accounts, in the System Configuration screen select Security and press Retur n. The Security Options screen appears. P P P P r r r r o o o o t t t t e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e S S S S e e e e c c c c u u u u r r r r ii i i t t t t y y y y O O O O p p p p t t[...]

  • Página 63

    Security 8-63 T o add a new user account, select Add User in the Security Options screen and press Retur n. The Add Name With Write Access screen appears. Follow these steps to configure the new account: 1. Select Enter Name and enter a descriptive name (for example, the user’s first name). 2. Select Enter Password and enter a passwor d. 3. T o[...]

  • Página 64

    8-64 User’ s Reference Guide T o restrict T elnet access to all of the configuration scr eens, select Enable T elnet Console Access and toggle it to No . A A A A b b b b o o o o u u u u t t t t f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s e e e e t t t t s s s[...]

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    Security 8-65 F F F F ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r p p p p r r r r ii i i o o o o r r r r ii i i t t t t y y y y Continuing the customs inspectors analogy , imagine the inspectors lined up to examine a package. If the package matches the first inspector’s criteria, the package is either rejected or passed on to its destination, dependin[...]

  • Página 66

    8-66 User’ s Reference Guide H H H H o o o o w w w w ii i i n n n n d d d d ii i i v v v v ii i i d d d d u u u u a a a a ll l l f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s w w w w o o o o r r r r k k k k As described above, a filter applies criteria to an IP packet and then takes one of three actions: A A A A f f f f ii i i ll l l t t[...]

  • Página 67

    Security 8-67 By matching on a por t number , an IP filter can be applied to selected ser vices, such as T elnet, FTP , and World Wide Web. The tables below show a few common ser vices and their associated por t numbers. P P P P o o o o r r r r t t t t n n n n u u u u m m m m b b b b e e e e r r r r c c c c o o o o m m m m p p p p a a a a r r r r [...]

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    8-68 User’ s Reference Guide O O O O t t t t h h h h e e e e r r r r f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r a a a a t t t t t t t t r r r r ii i i b b b b u u u u t t t t e e e e s s s s There ar e three other attributes to each filter: ■ The filter’s order (i.e., priority) in the filter set ■ Whether the filter is cur rently act[...]

  • Página 69

    Security 8-69 Src. Por t: The source por t to match. This is the por t on the sending host that originated the packet. D. Por t: The destination por t to match. This is the por t on the r eceiving host for which the packet is intended. On?: Displays Ye s when the filter is in ef fect or No when it is not. Fwd: Shows whether the filter for wards ([...]

  • Página 70

    8-70 User’ s Reference Guide F F F F ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g e e e e x x x x a a a a m m m m p p p p ll l l e e e e # # # # 2 2 2 2 Suppose a filter is configured to block all incoming IP packets with the sour ce IP address of 200.233.14.0, regar dless of the type of connection or its destination. The filte[...]

  • Página 71

    Security 8-71 your network may be vulnerable. A A A A n n n n a a a a p p p p p p p p r r r r o o o o a a a a c c c c h h h h t t t t o o o o u u u u s s s s ii i i n n n n g g g g f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s The ultimate goal of network security is to prevent unauthorized access to the network without compr omising author[...]

  • Página 72

    8-72 User’ s Reference Guide This header infor mation is what the packet filter uses to make filtering decisions. It is impor tant to note that an IP packet filter does not look into the IP data stream (the User Data fr om above) to make filtering decisions. Generic filters can look into the data. B B B B a a a a s s s s ii i i c c c c p p p[...]

  • Página 73

    Security 8-73 0 AND 0 = 0 0 AND 1 = 0 1 AND 0 = 0 1 AND 1 = 1 For example: Filter r ule: Deny IP: 163.176.1.15BINARY: 10100011.10110000.00000001.00001111 Mask: 255.255.255.255BINARY:11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 Incoming Packet: IP 163.176.1.15BINARY: 10100011.10110000.00000001.00001111 If you put the incoming packet and subnet mask together [...]

  • Página 74

    8-74 User’ s Reference Guide E E E E x x x x a a a a m m m m p p p p ll l l e e e e II I I P P P P F F F F ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s e e e e t t t t s s s s c c c c r r r r e e e e e e e e n n n n This is an example of the Netopia Filter set screen: F F F F ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r b b b b a a a a s s s s ii i i c[...]

  • Página 75

    Security 8-75 E E E E x x x x a a a a m m m m p p p p ll l l e e e e II I I P P P P f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s E E E E x x x x a a a a m m m m p p p p ll l l e e e e 1 1 1 1 Write a filter rule that blocks the class C subnet r epresented by 200.1.1.0/25 from accessing the net. Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 2[...]

  • Página 76

    8-76 User’ s Reference Guide This incoming IP packet (10000000) has a source IP addr ess that does not match the network address in the Source IP Addr ess field (00000000) in the Netopia D-Series. This r ule will for ward this packet because the packet does not match. E E E E x x x x a a a a m m m m p p p p ll l l e e e e 3 3 3 3 Incoming packet[...]

  • Página 77

    Security 8-77 Since the Source IP Network Addr ess in the Netopia D-Series’s filter r ule is 01100000 (=96 decimal), and the source IP addr ess after the logical AND is 01100000, this r ule does match and this packet will not be passed. E E E E x x x x a a a a m m m m p p p p ll l l e e e e 5 5 5 5 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.[...]

  • Página 78

    8-78 User’ s Reference Guide The procedur e for creating and maintaining filter sets is as follows: 1. Add a new filter set. 2. Create the filters for the new filter set. 3. View , change, or delete individual filters and filter sets. The following sections explain how to execute these steps. A A A A d d d d d d d d ii i i n n n n g g g g a[...]

  • Página 79

    Security 8-79 N N N N a a a a m m m m ii i i n n n n g g g g a a a a n n n n e e e e w w w w f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s e e e e t t t t All new filter sets have a default name. The first filter set you add will be called Filter Set 1, the next filter will be Filter Set 2, and so on. T o give a new filter set a dif fe[...]

  • Página 80

    8-80 User’ s Reference Guide II I I n n n n p p p p u u u u t t t t a a a a n n n n d d d d o o o o u u u u t t t t p p p p u u u u t t t t f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s — — — — s s s s o o o o u u u u r r r r c c c c e e e e a a a a n n n n d d d d d d d d e e e e s s s s t t t t ii i i n n n n a a a a t t t t ii [...]

  • Página 81

    Security 8-81 The Display/Change Filter Set screen appears. T o add an input filter , select Add Input Filter to Filter Set . The Add Filter screen appears. (T o add an output filter , select Add Output Filter .) 1. T o make the filter active in the filter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Ye s . If Enabled is toggled to No , the filter can[...]

  • Página 82

    8-82 User’ s Reference Guide 3. Select T ype . A popup menu of fers the option of either IP or Generic. If you choose IP , continue with the next step. If you choose Generic filtering, skip to the section “Generic filters” on page 8-86 . W arning: Changing the filter Type clears the filter values if any were previously enter ed. 4. Select[...]

  • Página 83

    Security 8-83 M M M M o o o o v v v v ii i i n n n n g g g g f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s The Move Input/Output Filter per mits reordering of r ules in a filter set. All operations are done fr om a single popup. ■ In the Display/Change Filter Set screen, select Move Input Filter (or Move Output Filter ). A selection mode[...]

  • Página 84

    8-84 User’ s Reference Guide D D D D e e e e ll l l e e e e t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s T o delete a filter , select Delete Input Filter or Delete Output Filter in the Add Filter Set screen to display a table of filters. Select the filter from the table and pr ess Return to delete it. Pr[...]

  • Página 85

    Security 8-85 M M M M o o o o d d d d ii i i f f f f y y y y ii i i n n n n g g g g f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s e e e e t t t t s s s s T o modify a filter set, select Display/Change Filter Set in the Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets. Select a filter set from the list and pr ess Return. The Change Fil[...]

  • Página 86

    8-86 User’ s Reference Guide G G G G e e e e n n n n e e e e r r r r ii i i c c c c f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s If you chose Generic filtering in step 3. on page 8-82 , the Add Filter screen changes as shown: Note: Generic filters are mor e complicated to use than IP filters. If you plan to filter only IP traf fic, [...]

  • Página 87

    Security 8-87 A A A A b b b b o o o o u u u u t t t t g g g g e e e e n n n n e e e e r r r r ii i i c c c c f f f f ii i i ll l l t t t t e e e e r r r r s s s s One of the more dif ficult aspects of writing Generic filter sets is deter mining how many bytes into the packet (the Of fset) the value you want to test is. In order to find the Of fs[...]

  • Página 88

    8-88 User’ s Reference Guide Note the Of fset is set to look at a value six bytes into the packet, the V alue is 0000C8E395000000 and the Mask is set to match only the hexidecimal digits we're inter ested in -- the ones that represent the MAC address. ■ The next item that's commonly evaluated in a Generic filter is the frame type. Th[...]

  • Página 89

    Security 8-89 The following example fur ther illustrates filter r ule chaining, dif ferent sized masks and the full 8 bytes of the V alue field. Create a filter set designed to block telnet access fr om a given external node (the example below uses 176.163.52.18) to a given internal node (176.163.107.254). The filter r ule summar y (input) shou[...]

  • Página 90

    8-90 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 91

    Utilities and Diagnostics 9-91 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 9 9 9 9 U U U U t t t t ii i i ll l l ii i i t t t t ii i i e e e e s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d D D D D ii i i a a a a g g g g n n n n o o o o s s s s t t t t ii i i c c c c s s s s A number of utilities and tests are available for system diagnostic and contr[...]

  • Página 92

    9-92 User’ s Reference Guide P P P P ii i i n n n n g g g g The Netopia D-Series includes a standard Ping test utility . A Ping test generates IP packets destined for a par ticular (Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the tar get host receives a Ping packet, it r eturns a packet to the original sender . Ping allows you to see whether a par ticular I[...]

  • Página 93

    Utilities and Diagnostics 9-93 Status: The cur rent status of the Ping test. This item can display the status messages shown in the table below: Packets Out: The number of packets sent by the Ping test. Packets In: The number of retur n packets received from the tar get host. T o be consider ed “on time,” retur n packets are expected back befor[...]

  • Página 94

    9-94 User’ s Reference Guide Packets Lost: The number of packets unaccounted for , shown in total and as a percentage of total packets sent. This statistic may be updated during the Ping test, and may not be accurate until after the test is over . However , if an escalating one-to-one corr espondence is seen between Packets Out and Packets Lost ,[...]

  • Página 95

    Utilities and Diagnostics 9-95 4. Select Use Reverse DNS to learn the names of the r outers between the Netopia D-Series and the destination router . The default is Y es. 5. Select ST ART TRACE ROUTE and press Retur n. A scrolling screen will appear that lists the destination, number of hops, IP addresses of each hop, and DNS names, if selected. 6.[...]

  • Página 96

    9-96 User’ s Reference Guide D D D D ii i i s s s s c c c c o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t T T T T e e e e ll l l n n n n e e e e t t t t c c c c o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o ll l l e e e e s s s s e e e e s s s s s s s s ii i i o o o o n n n n If you want to close your T elnet Console session, select Disconnect T elnet Consol[...]

  • Página 97

    Utilities and Diagnostics 9-97 The sections below describe how to update the Netopia D-Series’s fir mware and how to download and upload configuration files. U U U U p p p p d d d d a a a a t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g f f f f ii i i r r r r m m m m w w w w a a a a r r r r e e e e Fir mware updates may be available periodically from Netopia [...]

  • Página 98

    9-98 User’ s Reference Guide press Retur n. Y ou will see the following dialog box: ■ Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file. The system will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new fir mware into ef fect. While the system resets, the LEDs will blink on and of f. Caution! ■[...]

  • Página 99

    Utilities and Diagnostics 9-99 ■ Select GET CONFIG FROM SERVER and press Retur n. Y ou will see the following dialog box: ■ Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file. The system will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new configuration into ef fect. ■ If you choose to downloa[...]

  • Página 100

    9-100 User’ s Reference Guide U U U U p p p p d d d d a a a a t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g f f f f ii i i r r r r m m m m w w w w a a a a r r r r e e e e Fir mware updates may be available periodically from Netopia or fr om a site maintained by your or ganization’s network administration. The procedur e below applies whether you are using the[...]

  • Página 101

    Utilities and Diagnostics 9-101 The system will reset at the end of a successful file transfer to put the new fir mware into ef fect. While the system resets, the LEDs will blink on and of f. Caution! Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia D-Series while it is automatically r esetting or it could be damaged. D D D D o o o o w w w w n n n[...]

  • Página 102

    9-102 User’ s Reference Guide 2. Select Receive Config from Netopia and press Retur n. The following dialog box appears: 3. Select CANCEL to exit without uploading the file, or select CONTINUE to upload the file. If you choose CONTINUE, you will have ten seconds to use your ter minal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the con[...]

  • Página 103

    P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I II I I II I I : : : : A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x e e e e s s s s[...]

  • Página 104

    User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 105

    T roubleshooting A-105 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x A A A A T T T T r r r r o o o o u u u u b b b b ll l l e e e e s s s s h h h h o o o o o o o o t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g This appendix is intended to help you troubleshoot pr oblems you may encounter while setting up and using the Netopia D-Series. It also in[...]

  • Página 106

    A-106 User’ s Reference Guide C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o ll l l e e e e c c c c o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n p p p p r r r r o o o o b b b b ll l l e e e e m m m m s s s s C C C C a a a a n n n n ’’ ’ ’ t t t t s s s s e e e e e e e e t t t t h h h h e e e e c c c c o o o o n n n n f [...]

  • Página 107

    T roubleshooting A-107 H H H H o o o o w w w w t t t t o o o o r r r r e e e e s s s s e e e e t t t t t t t t h h h h e e e e N N N N e e e e t t t t o o o o p p p p ii i i a a a a D D D D - - - - S S S S e e e e r r r r ii i i e e e e s s s s t t t t o o o o f f f f a a a a c c c c t t t t o o o o r r r r y y y y d d d d e e e e f f f f a a a a u[...]

  • Página 108

    A-108 User’ s Reference Guide T T T T e e e e c c c c h h h h n n n n ii i i c c c c a a a a ll l l s s s s u u u u p p p p p p p p o o o o r r r r t t t t Netopia, Inc. is committed to providing its customers with r eliable products and documentation, backed by excellent technical suppor t. B B B B e e e e f f f f o o o o r r r r e e e e c c c c[...]

  • Página 109

    T roubleshooting A-109 Netopia Bulletin Board Ser vice: 1 510-865-1321 O O O O n n n n ll l l ii i i n n n n e e e e p p p p r r r r o o o o d d d d u u u u c c c c t t t t ii i i n n n n f f f f o o o o r r r r m m m m a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n Product infor mation can be found in the following: Netopia World Wide W eb ser ver via htt[...]

  • Página 110

    A-110 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 111

    Binary Conversion T able B-111 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x B B B B B B B B ii i i n n n n a a a a r r r r y y y y C C C C o o o o n n n n v v v v e e e e r r r r s s s s ii i i o o o o n n n n T T T T a a a a b b b b ll l l e e e e This table is provided to help you choose subnet numbers and host numbers for IP an[...]

  • Página 112

    B-112 User’ s Reference Guide 23 10111 55 110111 87 1010111 119 1110111 24 11000 56 111000 88 1011000 120 1111000 25 11001 57 111001 89 1011001 121 1111001 26 11010 58 111010 90 1011010 122 1111010 27 11011 59 111011 91 1011011 123 1111011 28 11100 60 111100 92 1011100 124 1111100 29 11101 61 111101 93 1011101 125 1111101 30 11110 62 111110 94 10[...]

  • Página 113

    Binary Conversion T able B-113 146 10010010 178 10110010 210 11010010 242 11110010 147 10010011 179 10110011 211 11010011 243 11110011 148 10010100 180 10110100 212 11010100 244 11110100 149 10010101 181 10110101 213 11010101 245 11110101 150 10010110 182 10110110 214 11010110 246 11110110 151 10010111 183 10110111 215 11010111 247 11110111 152 100[...]

  • Página 114

    B-114 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 115

    Further Reading C-115 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x C C C C F F F F u u u u r r r r t t t t h h h h e e e e r r r r R R R R e e e e a a a a d d d d ii i i n n n n g g g g Alexander , S. & R. Droms, DHCP Options and BOOTP V endor Extensions , RFC 2131, Silicon Graphics, Inc., Bucknell University , Mar ch 1997. An[...]

  • Página 116

    C-116 User’ s Reference Guide Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J. "Loop-Fr ee Routing Using Dif fusing Computations." Publication pending in IEEE/ACM T ransactions on Networking, V ol. 1, No. 1, 1993. Gar finkel, Simson. PGP: Pretty Good Privacy Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly & Associates, 1991. A guide to the fr ee data encr yption program PGP a[...]

  • Página 117

    Further Reading C-117 Sidhu, G.S., R.F . Andrews, and A.B. Oppenheimer . Inside AppleT alk, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company , 1990. Siyan, Karanjit. Internet Fir ewall and Network Security Indianapolis, IN: New Riders Publishing, 1995. Similar to the Chapman and Zwicky book. Smith, Philip. Frame Relay Principles and Applicati[...]

  • Página 118

    C-118 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 119

    T echnical Specifications and Safety Information D-119 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x D D D D T T T T e e e e c c c c h h h h n n n n ii i i c c c c a a a a ll l l S S S S p p p p e e e e c c c c ii i i f f f f ii i i c c c c a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d S S S S a a a a f f [...]

  • Página 120

    D-120 User’ s Reference Guide HD-15 V .35 Pin 1 Pin A (not used) Pin 2 Pin B Signal Ground Pin 3 Pin C Request to Send Pin 4 Pin D Clear to Send Pin 5 Pin E Data Set Ready Pin 6 Pin F Data Car rier Detect Pin 7 Pin H Data T er minal Ready Pin 8 Pin J (not used) Pin 9 Pin K (not used) Pin 10 Pin L (not used) Pin 11 Pin M (not used) Pin 12 Pin N (n[...]

  • Página 121

    T echnical Specifications and Safety Information D-121 P P P P ii i i n n n n o o o o u u u u t t t t s s s s f f f f o o o o r r r r D D D D 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 S S S S p p p p ll l l ii i i t t t t t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 TCP2 TCN2 TCP1 RCP1 (TIP1) RCN1 (RING1) RCP2 (TIP[...]

  • Página 122

    D-122 User’ s Reference Guide D D D D e e e e s s s s c c c c r r r r ii i i p p p p t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n Dimensions: 124.0 cm (w) x 20.0 cm (d) x 5.3 cm (h) 9.4” (w) x 7.9” (d) x 2.1” (h) Communications inter faces: The Netopia D-Series DSL DSU has an RJ-45 jack for IDSL or SDSL connections; an 8–por t 10Base-T Ether net hub fo[...]

  • Página 123

    T echnical Specifications and Safety Information D-123 R R R R e e e e g g g g u u u u ll l l a a a a t t t t o o o o r r r r y y y y n n n n o o o o t t t t ii i i c c c c e e e e s s s s Warning This is a Class A product. In a domestic envir onment this product may cause radio inter fer ence, in which case the user may be requir ed to take adequ[...]

  • Página 124

    D-124 User’ s Reference Guide Users should ensure for their own pr otection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility , telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if pr esent, are connected together . This precaution may be par ticularly impor tant in r ural areas. Caution Users should not attempt to make such con[...]

  • Página 125

    Glossary-125 G G G G ll l l o o o o s s s s s s s s a a a a r r r r y y y y access line: A telephone line r eaching from the telephone company central of fice to a point usually on your premises. Beyond this point the wir e is considered inside wiring. analog: In telecommunications, telephone transmission and/or switching that is not digital. An a[...]

  • Página 126

    126 User’ s Reference Guide byte: A group of bits, nor mally eight, which repr esent one data character . CallerID: See CND. CCITT (Comite Consultatif International T elegraphique et T elephonique): Inter national Consultative Committee for T elegraphy and T elephony , a standards or ganization that devises and pr oposes recommenda- tions for int[...]

  • Página 127

    Glossary-127 DTE (Data T erminal Equipment): T er m defined by standar ds committees, that applies to communications equipment, typically personal computers or data ter minals, as distinct from other devices that attach to the network, typically modems or printers (DCE). The distinction generally refers to which pins in an RS-232-C connection tran[...]

  • Página 128

    128 User’ s Reference Guide internet: A set of networks connected together by r outers. This is a general term, not to be confused with the lar ge, multi-or ganizational collection of IP networks known as the Internet. An inter net is sometimes also known as an internetwork. internet address, IP addr ess: Any computing device that uses the Inter [...]

  • Página 129

    Glossary-129 network administrator: A person who coor dinates the design, installation, and management of a network. A network administrator is also responsible for tr oubleshooting and for adding new users to the network. network log: A r ecord of the names of devices, location of wire pairs, wall-jack numbers, and other infor mation about the net[...]

  • Página 130

    130 User’ s Reference Guide RJ-45: A telephone-industr y standar d connector type usually containing eight pins. router: A device that suppor ts network communications. A router can connect identical network types, such as LocalT alk-to-LocalT alk, or dissimilar network types, such as LocalT alk-to-Ethernet. However—unless a gateway is availabl[...]

  • Página 131

    Glossary-131 TFTP (Trivial File T ransfer Protocol): A pr otocol used to transfer files between IP nodes. TFTP is often used to transfer fir mware and configuration infor mation from a UNIX computer acting as a TFTP ser ver to an IP networking device, such as the Netopia ISDN Router . thicknet: Industr y jar gon for 10Base5 coaxial cable, the or[...]

  • Página 132

    132 User’ s Reference Guide[...]

  • Página 133

    Index-133 II I I n n n n d d d d e e e e x x x x Numerics 10Base-T 24 10Base-T , connecting 24 A advanced configuration features 41 application software 23 B back panel 16 por ts 17 C capabilities 12 community strings 58 configuration troubleshooting PC 105 configuration files downloading with TFTP 98 downloading with XMODEM 101 uploading with [...]

  • Página 134

    Index-134 defined 64 deleting 84 disadvantages of 70 Generic 86 input 80 IP 66 modifying 83 output 80 using 71 , 77 viewing 83 fir mware files updating with TFTP 97 updating with XMODEM 100 fur ther reading 115 G general statistics 53 Generic filters 86 Glossar y 125 H how to reach us 108 I IMUX 12 , 46 Inverse multiplexing 46 IP filters 66 IP[...]

  • Página 135

    Index-135 Simple Network Management Protocol, see SNMP SNMP community strings 58 MIBs suppor ted 57 setup screen 58 traps 59 src. por t 69 statistics, W AN 53 suppor t technical 108 T TCP/IP stack 23 technical suppor t 108 telnet 37 access 40 , 63 ter minal emulation software configuring 38 default settings 37 TFTP defined 96 downloading configu[...]

  • Página 136

    Index-136[...]

  • Página 137

    Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies-137 L L L L ii i i m m m m ii i i t t t t e e e e d d d d W W W W a a a a r r r r r r r r a a a a n n n n t t t t y y y y a a a a n n n n d d d d L L L L ii i i m m m m ii i i t t t t a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n o o o o f f f f R R R R e e e e m m m m e e e e d d d d ii i i e e e e s s s s Neto[...]

  • Página 138

    138 User’ s Reference Guide[...]