Fortinet Network Device IPS manual

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Buen manual de instrucciones

Las leyes obligan al vendedor a entregarle al comprador, junto con el producto, el manual de instrucciones Fortinet Network Device IPS. La falta del manual o facilitar información incorrecta al consumidor constituyen una base de reclamación por no estar de acuerdo el producto con el contrato. Según la ley, está permitido adjuntar un manual de otra forma que no sea en papel, lo cual últimamente es bastante común y los fabricantes nos facilitan un manual gráfico, su versión electrónica Fortinet Network Device IPS o vídeos de instrucciones para usuarios. La condición es que tenga una forma legible y entendible.

¿Qué es un manual de instrucciones?

El nombre proviene de la palabra latina “instructio”, es decir, ordenar. Por lo tanto, en un manual Fortinet Network Device IPS se puede encontrar la descripción de las etapas de actuación. El propósito de un manual es enseñar, facilitar el encendido o el uso de un dispositivo o la realización de acciones concretas. Un manual de instrucciones también es una fuente de información acerca de un objeto o un servicio, es una pista.

Desafortunadamente pocos usuarios destinan su tiempo a leer manuales Fortinet Network Device IPS, sin embargo, un buen manual nos permite, no solo conocer una cantidad de funcionalidades adicionales del dispositivo comprado, sino también evitar la mayoría de fallos.

Entonces, ¿qué debe contener el manual de instrucciones perfecto?

Sobre todo, un manual de instrucciones Fortinet Network Device IPS debe contener:
- información acerca de las especificaciones técnicas del dispositivo Fortinet Network Device IPS
- nombre de fabricante y año de fabricación del dispositivo Fortinet Network Device IPS
- condiciones de uso, configuración y mantenimiento del dispositivo Fortinet Network Device IPS
- marcas de seguridad y certificados que confirmen su concordancia con determinadas normativas

¿Por qué no leemos los manuales de instrucciones?

Normalmente es por la falta de tiempo y seguridad acerca de las funcionalidades determinadas de los dispositivos comprados. Desafortunadamente la conexión y el encendido de Fortinet Network Device IPS no es suficiente. El manual de instrucciones siempre contiene una serie de indicaciones acerca de determinadas funcionalidades, normas de seguridad, consejos de mantenimiento (incluso qué productos usar), fallos eventuales de Fortinet Network Device IPS y maneras de solucionar los problemas que puedan ocurrir durante su uso. Al final, en un manual se pueden encontrar los detalles de servicio técnico Fortinet en caso de que las soluciones propuestas no hayan funcionado. Actualmente gozan de éxito manuales de instrucciones en forma de animaciones interesantes o vídeo manuales que llegan al usuario mucho mejor que en forma de un folleto. Este tipo de manual ayuda a que el usuario vea el vídeo entero sin saltarse las especificaciones y las descripciones técnicas complicadas de Fortinet Network Device IPS, como se suele hacer teniendo una versión en papel.

¿Por qué vale la pena leer los manuales de instrucciones?

Sobre todo es en ellos donde encontraremos las respuestas acerca de la construcción, las posibilidades del dispositivo Fortinet Network Device IPS, el uso de determinados accesorios y una serie de informaciones que permiten aprovechar completamente sus funciones y comodidades.

Tras una compra exitosa de un equipo o un dispositivo, vale la pena dedicar un momento para familiarizarse con cada parte del manual Fortinet Network Device IPS. Actualmente se preparan y traducen con dedicación, para que no solo sean comprensibles para los usuarios, sino que también cumplan su función básica de información y ayuda.

Índice de manuales de instrucciones

  • Página 1

    www.fortinet.com FortiG at e IPS User Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 USER GUIDE[...]

  • Página 2

    FortiGate IPS U ser Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 September 16, 2 008 01-30007-00 80-20080916 © Copyright 2008 Fortine t, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication including text, examples , diagrams or illustrations may be reproduced, tra nsmitted, or translated in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, manual, op tical or otherwi[...]

  • Página 3

    Contents FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 3 Contents Introduction ............... ................................. .............................. .......... 5 The FortiGate IPS.. ................... ................ ................ .................... ................ ...... 5 About this document ........ ......[...]

  • Página 4

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 4 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Creating custom signatures ............. ................... .................... ................... .... 23 Custom signature fields ............. ................... .................... ................ .......... 23 Custom signature synt ax ..................... ................[...]

  • Página 5

    Introduction The FortiGate IPS FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 5 Introduction This section introduces you to the Fort iGate Intrusion Prev ention System (IPS) and the following topics: • The FortiGate IPS • About this doc ument • Fortinet document ation • Customer service and technical support The FortiGate[...]

  • Página 6

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 6 01-30007-0080-200809 16 About this document Introduction About this document Document conventions The following document convention s are used in this guide: • In the exa mples, priva te IP addre sses are us ed for both p rivate and public IP addresses. • Notes and Cautions are used to provide import a[...]

  • Página 7

    Introduction Fortinet documentation FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 7 • FortiGate Installation Guide Describes how to install a FortiGate unit. Includes a hardware reference, default configuration information, insta llation procedures, connection procedures, and basic configura tion pr ocedures. Choose the guide[...]

  • Página 8

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 8 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Customer service and technical support Introduction Fortinet Knowledge Center Additional Fortinet technical document ation is available from the Fortinet Knowledge Center . The knowledge center cont ains troubleshooting and how-to articles, F AQs, technical notes, and more. Visit th[...]

  • Página 9

    IPS overview and gene ral configuration The FortiGate IPS FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 9 IPS overview and general configuration This section contains th e following topics: • The FortiGate IPS • Network performance • Monitoring the network and dealing with att acks • Using IPS sensors in a protection pro[...]

  • Página 10

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 10 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Network performance IPS overview and general configuration T o create an IPS sensor , go to Intrusion Protection > IPS Sensor . See “IPS sensors” on p age 39 for details. T o access the protection profile IPS sensor selection, go to Firewall > Protection Profile , select [...]

  • Página 11

    IPS overview and gene ral configuration M onitoring the network and dealing with attacks FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 11 Controlling sessions Use this command to ignore sessions af ter a set amount of traf fic has passed. The default is 204800 bytes. config ips global set ignore-session-bytes <byte_integer&g[...]

  • Página 12

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 12 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Monitoring the network and dealing with atta cks IPS overview and general configuration 5 Select and configure authentication if re quired and enter the email addresses that will receive the alert email. 6 Enter the time interval to wait before sending log messages for each logging[...]

  • Página 13

    IPS overview and gene ral configuration M onitoring the network and dealing with attacks FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 13 Anomaly The following log messag e is generated when an attack anomaly is de tected: The FortiGuard Center The FortiGuard Center combine s the knowledge base of the Fortinet technical team in[...]

  • Página 14

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 14 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Using IPS sensors in a protection profil e IPS overview and general configuration Using IPS sensors in a protection profile IPS can be combined with othe r FortiGate fe atures – antivi rus, spam filtering, web filtering, a nd web category filtering – to c reate protec tion prof[...]

  • Página 15

    IPS overview and gene ral configuration Us ing IPS sensors in a protection profile FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 15 Adding protection profiles to user groups When creating a user gr oup, select a protec tion profile that applies to that group. Then, when configuring a firewall policy that includ es user authenti[...]

  • Página 16

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 16 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Using IPS sensors in a protection profil e IPS overview and general configuration[...]

  • Página 17

    Predefined signatures IPS predefined signatures FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 17 Predefined signatures This section describes: • IPS predefined signature s • Viewin g the predefined signature list IPS predefined signatures Predefined signatur es are arranged in alphabetical order. By d efault, some signatures[...]

  • Página 18

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 18 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Viewing the predefined signature list Predefined signature s By default, the signatures are sorted by name. T o sort the t able by another column, select the re quired column header name. Fine tuning IPS predef ined signatures fo r enhanced system performance In FortiOS the FortiGa[...]

  • Página 19

    Predefined signatures Viewing the predefined signature list FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 19 Y ou should also review exactly how y ou use the information provided by the logging feature. If you find th at you do not review the information, it is best to turn off IPS logging. Logging is best us ed to provide acti[...]

  • Página 20

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 20 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Viewing the predefined signature list Predefined signature s[...]

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    Custom signatures IPS custom signatures FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 21 Custom signatures Custom signatures provide the power and flexibility to customize the FortiGate Intrusion Prot ection system for diverse network envir onments. The FortiG ate predefined signatures repr esent common attacks. If you use an un[...]

  • Página 22

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 22 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Custom signature configuration Custom signatures Custom signature configuration Add custom signatures using th e web-based manager or th e CLI. For more information about custom signature synta x, see “Creating custom s ignatures” on page 23 and “Custom signa ture syntax” o[...]

  • Página 23

    Custom signatures Creating custom signatures FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 23 Creating custom signatures Custom signatures are added sep arately to each VDOM. In each VDOM, there can be a maximum of 255 custom signatures. A custom signat ure definition is limited to a ma ximum length of 512 characters. A definit[...]

  • Página 24

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 24 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Creating custom signatures Custom signatures Custom signature syntax T able 2: Information keywords Keyword and value Description --attack_id <id_int>; This optional value is used to identify the signa ture. It cannot be the same value as any other custom rules within the sam[...]

  • Página 25

    Custom signatures Creating custom signatures FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 25 T able 4: Content keywo rds Keyword and value Description --byte_jump <bytes_to_convert>, <offset>[, relative] [, big] [, little] [, string] [, hex] [, dec] [, oct] [, align]; Use the byte_jump option to e xtract a number o[...]

  • Página 26

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 26 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Creating custom signatures Custom signatures --byte_test <bytes_to_convert>, <operator>, <value>, <offset>[, relative] [, big] [, little] [, string] [, hex] [, dec] [, oct]; The FortiGa te unit comp ares a byte field against a specific value (with operator).[...]

  • Página 27

    Custom signatures Creating custom signatures FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 27 --context {uri | header | body | host}; S pecify the protocol field that the pattern should be looked for . If context is not specified for a p attern, the FortiGate unit searches for the pattern anywhere in the packet buf fer . The av[...]

  • Página 28

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 28 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Creating custom signatures Custom signatures --pcre [!]"(/<regex>/|m<delim>< regex><delim>)[ismxAEGRU B]"; Similar to the pattern keyword, pcre is used to specify a pattern using Perl-compatible regular expressions (PCRE). A pcre keyword can be fol[...]

  • Página 29

    Custom signatures Creating custom signatures FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 29 T able 5: IP header keywor ds Keyword and V alue Description --dst_addr [!]<ipv4>; The destination IP address. T o have the FortiGate search for a packet that does not contain the specified address, add an exclamation mark (!) be[...]

  • Página 30

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 30 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Creating custom signatures Custom signatures T able 6: T CP header keywords Keyword and V alue Description --ack <ack_int>; Check for the specified TCP acknowledge number . --dst_port [!]{<port_int> | :<port_int> | <port_int>: | <port_int>:<port_int[...]

  • Página 31

    Custom signatures Creating custom signatures FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 31 --tcp_flags <FSRPAU120>[!|*|+] [,<FSRPAU120>]; S pecify the TCP flags to match in a packet. • S : Match the SYN flag. • A : Match the ACK flag. • F : Match the FIN flag. • R : Match the RST flag. • U : Match the U[...]

  • Página 32

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 32 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Creating custom signatures Custom signatures T able 7: UDP header key words Keyword and V alue Description --dst_port [!]{<port_int> | :<port_int> | <port_int>: | <port_int>:<port_int>}; The destination port numbe r . Y o u can specify a single port or[...]

  • Página 33

    Custom signatures Creating custom signatures FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 33 Example custom signatures Custom signature fields and syntax are fully d escribed in this chapter , though using them to build a custom sig nature can be complex. It’s best to start with a simpler signature. Example 1: signature to b[...]

  • Página 34

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 34 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Creating custom signatures Custom signatures The FortiGate unit will limit its search for the pattern to the H TTP protocol. Even though the HTTP prot ocol uses only TCP traffi c, the FortiGate will search for HTTP prot ocol commu nication in TCP , UDP , and ICMP traffic. This is a[...]

  • Página 35

    Custom signatures Creating custom signatures FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 35 Example 2: signature to bl ock the SMTP ‘vrfy’ command The SMTP vrfy command can be used to verify the existence of a single email address, or it can be used to list all of the valid email account s on an email server . A spammer c[...]

  • Página 36

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 36 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Creating custom signatures Custom signatures Use the --protocol tcp keyword to limit the effect of the custom signature to only TCP traffic. This will save system re sources by not unnecessarily scanning UDP and ICMP traffic. F-SBID( --name "Block.SMTP.VRFY.CMD"; --patter[...]

  • Página 37

    Protocol decoders Protocol decoders FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 37 Protocol decoders This section describes: • Protocol decoders • Upgrading the IPS protocol decoder list • Viewin g the protocol decoder list Protocol decoders The FortiGate IPS uses protocol decoders to ide ntify the abnormal traffic p att[...]

  • Página 38

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 38 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Viewing the protocol decoder list Protocol decoders V iewing the protocol decoder list T o view the decoder list, go to Intrusion Prot ection > Signature > Protocol Decoder . Figure 6: The protoc ol decoder list Protocols The protocol decoder names. Port The port number or nu[...]

  • Página 39

    IPS sensors Viewing the IPS sensor list FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 39 IPS sensors Y ou can group signat ures into IPS sensors for e asy selection in protection profiles. Y ou can define signatures for s pecific types of traffic in sep arate IPS sensors, and then select those sensors in profiles designed to han[...]

  • Página 40

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 40 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Configuring IPS sensors IPS sensors Adding an IPS sensor An IPS sensor must be created be fore it can be configured by adding filter s and overrides. T o create an IPS sensor , go to Intrusion Protec tion > IPS Sensor and select Create New . Figure 8: New IPS sens or Configuring[...]

  • Página 41

    IPS sensors Configuring IPS sensors FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 41 T o view an IPS sensor , go to Intrusion Protection > IPS Sensor and select the Edit icon of any IPS sensor . The Edit IP S Sensor window is divided into three part s: the sensor attributes, the filters, and the overrides. Figure 9: Edit IPS[...]

  • Página 42

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 42 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Configuring IPS sensors IPS sensors IPS sensor overrides: Configuring filters T o configure a filter , go to Intrusion Protection > IPS Sen sor . Select the Edit icon of the IPS sensor containing the filter you want to edit. When the se nsor window opens, select the Edit icon of[...]

  • Página 43

    IPS sensors Configuring IPS sensors FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 43 The signatures included in the filter are only those matching every attribute specified. When created, a new filter ha s every attribute set to “all” wh ich causes every signature to be included in th e filter . If the severity is change d [...]

  • Página 44

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 44 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Configuring IPS sensors IPS sensors T o edit a pre-defined or custom overr ide, go to Intrusion Protection > IPS Sensor and select the Edit ic on of the IPS sensor contain ing the override you want to edit. When the sensor window op ens, se lect the Edit icon of the override you[...]

  • Página 45

    DoS sensors FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 45 DoS sensors The FortiGate IPS u ses a traf fic anomaly detection fe ature to identify network traffic that does n ot fit known or co mmon traffic p atterns and behavior . For example, one type of flooding is th e deni al of service (DoS) att ack that occurs when an att[...]

  • Página 46

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 46 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Viewing the DoS sensor list DoS sensors V iewing the DoS sensor list T o view the anomaly list, go to Intrusion Protection > DoS Sensor . Figure 12: The DoS sensor list Configuring DoS sensors Because an improperly configured DoS sensor can interfere with network traffic, no DoS[...]

  • Página 47

    DoS sensors Configuring DoS sensors FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 47 Figure 13: Edit DoS Sensor DoS sensor attributes: Anomaly configuration: Name Enter or change the DoS sensor name. Comment s Enter or change an optional description of the DoS sensor . This descri ption will appear in the DoS sensor list. Name [...]

  • Página 48

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 48 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Understanding the anomalies DoS sensors Protected addresses: Each entry in the protec ted addres s table includes a so urce and des tination IP address as well as a destination port. Th e DoS sens or will be applied to traffic matching the three attributes in any t able entry . Und[...]

  • Página 49

    DoS sensors Understanding the anomalies FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 49 tcp_dst_session If the number of concurrent TCP con nections to one destination IP address exceeds the configured th reshold valu e, the action is executed. ud p_flood If the UDP traffic to one destination IP address exceeds the configured [...]

  • Página 50

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 50 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Understanding the anomalies DoS sensors[...]

  • Página 51

    SYN flood attacks What is a SYN flood a ttack? FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 51 SYN flood att acks This section describes: • What is a SYN flood attack? • How SYN floods work • The FortiGate IPS Response to SYN flood att acks • Configuring SYN flood protection • Suggested settings for different network [...]

  • Página 52

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 52 01-30007-0080-200809 16 The FortiGate IPS Response to SYN flood attacks SYN flood attacks After the handsh aking process is comp lete the connection is open and dat a exchange can begin betwee n the originator and the receiver , in this case the web browser and the web ser ver . Between steps 2 a nd 3 how[...]

  • Página 53

    SYN flood attacks The FortiGate IP S Response to SYN flood att acks FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 53 A true SYN proxy approach r equires that all three packet s (SYN, SYN/ACK, and ACK) are cached and replayed even befor e it is known if a TCP connection request is legitimate. Th e FortiGate I PS pseu do SYN prox[...]

  • Página 54

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 54 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Configuring SYN flood p rotection SYN flood attacks Configuring SYN flood protection T o configure the SYN flood prot ection 1 Go to Intrusion Protection > DoS Sensor . 2 Select Create New . 3 Configure the options for tcp_syn_flood. 4 Select OK. Figure 18: Configuring the syn _[...]

  • Página 55

    ICMP sweep attacks What is an ICMP sweep? FortiGate IPS User Gu ide Version 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 55 ICMP sweep att acks This section describes: • What is an ICMP sweep? • How ICMP sweep attacks work • The FortiGate IPS response to ICMP sweep att acks • Configuring ICMP sweep prot ection • Suggested settings for different networ[...]

  • Página 56

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 56 01-30007-0080-200809 16 The FortiGate IPS response to IC MP sweep attacks ICMP sweep attacks Predefined ICMP signatures Ta b l e 1 1 describes all the ICMP-related pr edefined signatu res and the default settings for each. Note: The predefined signature descriptio ns in T able 1 1 are accurate as of the I[...]

  • Página 57

    ICMP sweep attacks The FortiGate I PS response to ICMP sweep attacks FortiGate IPS Us er Guide V ersion 3.0 MR7 01-30007-0080-20080 916 57 ICMP sweep anomalies The FortiGate unit also detect s ICMP sw eep s that do not have a predefined signature to block them. The FortiGate IPS monito rs traffic to ensu re that ICMP messages do not exceed the defa[...]

  • Página 58

    FortiGate IPS User Guide Version 3.0 MR7 58 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Configuring ICMP sweep protection ICMP sweep attacks Configuring ICMP sweep protection T o configure the ICMP sweep anomaly pr otection settings 1 Go to Intrusion Protection > DoS Sensor . 2 Select Create New . 3 Configure the options for icmp_swee p, icmp_src_session, and icmp_[...]

  • Página 59

    Index FortiGate V ersion 3.0 MR7 IPS User Guide 01-30007-0080-2008091 6 59 Index A alert email configuring 11 anomalies log messages 13 anomaly destination session l imit 48 flooding 48 scan 48 source session limit 48 attack log messages 12 anomalies 13 signature 12 C comments, documentation 8 Create New firewall policy 39 custom signature adding 2[...]

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    FortiGate V ersion 3.0 MR 7 IPS User Guide 60 01-30007-0080-200809 16 Index T technical support 8[...]

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    www.fortinet.com[...]

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    www.fortinet.com[...]