Apple 560 manual

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Buen manual de instrucciones

Las leyes obligan al vendedor a entregarle al comprador, junto con el producto, el manual de instrucciones Apple 560. La falta del manual o facilitar información incorrecta al consumidor constituyen una base de reclamación por no estar de acuerdo el producto con el contrato. Según la ley, está permitido adjuntar un manual de otra forma que no sea en papel, lo cual últimamente es bastante común y los fabricantes nos facilitan un manual gráfico, su versión electrónica Apple 560 o vídeos de instrucciones para usuarios. La condición es que tenga una forma legible y entendible.

¿Qué es un manual de instrucciones?

El nombre proviene de la palabra latina “instructio”, es decir, ordenar. Por lo tanto, en un manual Apple 560 se puede encontrar la descripción de las etapas de actuación. El propósito de un manual es enseñar, facilitar el encendido o el uso de un dispositivo o la realización de acciones concretas. Un manual de instrucciones también es una fuente de información acerca de un objeto o un servicio, es una pista.

Desafortunadamente pocos usuarios destinan su tiempo a leer manuales Apple 560, sin embargo, un buen manual nos permite, no solo conocer una cantidad de funcionalidades adicionales del dispositivo comprado, sino también evitar la mayoría de fallos.

Entonces, ¿qué debe contener el manual de instrucciones perfecto?

Sobre todo, un manual de instrucciones Apple 560 debe contener:
- información acerca de las especificaciones técnicas del dispositivo Apple 560
- nombre de fabricante y año de fabricación del dispositivo Apple 560
- condiciones de uso, configuración y mantenimiento del dispositivo Apple 560
- marcas de seguridad y certificados que confirmen su concordancia con determinadas normativas

¿Por qué no leemos los manuales de instrucciones?

Normalmente es por la falta de tiempo y seguridad acerca de las funcionalidades determinadas de los dispositivos comprados. Desafortunadamente la conexión y el encendido de Apple 560 no es suficiente. El manual de instrucciones siempre contiene una serie de indicaciones acerca de determinadas funcionalidades, normas de seguridad, consejos de mantenimiento (incluso qué productos usar), fallos eventuales de Apple 560 y maneras de solucionar los problemas que puedan ocurrir durante su uso. Al final, en un manual se pueden encontrar los detalles de servicio técnico Apple en caso de que las soluciones propuestas no hayan funcionado. Actualmente gozan de éxito manuales de instrucciones en forma de animaciones interesantes o vídeo manuales que llegan al usuario mucho mejor que en forma de un folleto. Este tipo de manual ayuda a que el usuario vea el vídeo entero sin saltarse las especificaciones y las descripciones técnicas complicadas de Apple 560, como se suele hacer teniendo una versión en papel.

¿Por qué vale la pena leer los manuales de instrucciones?

Sobre todo es en ellos donde encontraremos las respuestas acerca de la construcción, las posibilidades del dispositivo Apple 560, el uso de determinados accesorios y una serie de informaciones que permiten aprovechar completamente sus funciones y comodidades.

Tras una compra exitosa de un equipo o un dispositivo, vale la pena dedicar un momento para familiarizarse con cada parte del manual Apple 560. Actualmente se preparan y traducen con dedicación, para que no solo sean comprensibles para los usuarios, sino que también cumplan su función básica de información y ayuda.

Índice de manuales de instrucciones

  • Página 1

    Service Source K Performa 500 Series Macintosh Performa 550, Macintosh Performa 560, Macintosh Performa 575, Macintosh Performa 577, Macintosh Performa 578[...]

  • Página 2

    Service Source K Basics Performa 500 Series[...]

  • Página 3

    Basics Product Information - 1 Product Information The Performa 500 Series computers are based on a compact “all-in-one” design. This design incorporates an LC-based microprocessor, 14-inch Trinitron display, CD-ROM drive, hard drive, and floppy drive in one enclosure.[...]

  • Página 4

    Basics Product Information - 2 Identifying F eatur es Performa 550 and 560: • 68LC030 processor • Processor-direct slot • CD-300i drive (caddy required) The Performa 550 and 560 ship with different software bundles. Performa 575, 577, 578: • 68LC040 processor • Processor-direct and communications slots • CD-300+i drive (trayloading, cad[...]

  • Página 5

    Service Source K Specifications Performa 500 Series[...]

  • Página 6

    Specifications Processor - 1 Processor Perf orma 550, 560 Motorola 68030 microprocessor 33 MHz Built-in memory management unit (MMU) Perf orma 575, 577, 578 Motorola 68LC040 microprocessor 33 MHz Built-in memory management unit (MMU) Coprocessor Socket for optional math coprocessor[...]

  • Página 7

    Specifications Memory - 2 Memory RAM Perf 550, 560: 4 MB of dynamic RAM on board Perf 575, 577: 5 MB of dynamic RAM on board Perf 578: 8 MB of dynamic RAM on board Expandable to 36 MB (80 ns or faster SIMMs) 72-pin DRAM SIMM connector RO M 1 MB of ROM PRAM 256 bytes of clock/calendar/parameter memory Long-life lithium battery[...]

  • Página 8

    Specifications Memory - 3 VRAM Perf 550, 560: 512K of VRAM on board (up to 256 colors or 8- bit color) Expandable to 768K (up to 32,000 colors or 16-bit color) 68-pin VRAM SIMM connector Perf 575, 577,578: 1MB of VRAM onboard Two VRAM SIMM slots[...]

  • Página 9

    Specifications Disk Storage - 4 Disk Storage Floppy Drive Internal 1.4 MB Apple SuperDrive, manual-insert Hard Drive Perf 550, 560: 80 or 160 MB SCSI Perf 575: 250 MB SCSI Perf 577, 578: 320 MB SCSI CD-R OM Drive Perf 550, 560: Internal AppleCD 300i, double-speed CD-ROM drive Perf 575, 577, 578: Internal AppleCD 300+i, double-speed CD- ROM drive[...]

  • Página 10

    Specifications I/O Interfaces - 5 I/O Interfaces Serial Two RS-232/RS-422 serial ports; mini DIN-8 connectors SCSI One SCSI parallel port; DB-25 connector Connects up to six external SCSI devices A pple Desktop Bus Two Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) ports; mini DIN-4 connectors Maximum of three ADB devices recommended Maximum current draw: 500 mA (Mouse d[...]

  • Página 11

    Specifications I/O Interfaces - 6 Processor -Direct Slot Internal expansion slot for 96 or 114-pin processor-direct expansion cards Communications Slot (Perf 575,577, 578) Internal expansion slot for 50-pin modem and Ethernet cards[...]

  • Página 12

    Specifications I/O Devices - 7 I/O De vices K eyboard Standard 80-key Apple keyboard with numeric keypad; ADB connector Soft power-on switch 2.5 mm travel, 18 mm vertical and horizontal pitch Two-level tilt adjustment Mouse Apple Desktop Bus Mouse II New, ergonomic design Microphone Built-in electret, omnidirectional microphone Speaker Adjustable s[...]

  • Página 13

    Specifications Sound and Video - 8 Sound and V ideo Sound Generator Records at 11 kHz or 22 kHz sample rate Plays back at 11 kHz or 22 kHz sample rate Two speakers with enhanced stereo sound Allows playback and recording of ordinary audio compact discs V ideo Display 14-in. diagonal, 13-in. viewable screen Trinitron CRT with high-contrast glass .26[...]

  • Página 14

    Specifications Electrical - 9 Electrical Line V oltage 100–240 VAC; Universal power supply Frequency 47–63 Hz, single phase Maximum Po wer 120 W[...]

  • Página 15

    Specifications Physical - 10 Physical Dimensions Height: 17.9 in. (45.5 cm) Width: 13.5 in. (34.4 cm) Depth: 16.5 in. (42.0 cm) W eight 40.5 lb. (18.4 kg)[...]

  • Página 16

    Specifications Environmental - 11 En vironmental Operating T emperature 50–104° F (10–40° C) Storage T emperature -40 to 116° F (-40 to 47° C) Relative Humidity 20–95% noncondensing Altitude 0–15,000 ft. (0–4722 m)[...]

  • Página 17

    Service Source K Troubleshooting Performa 500 Series[...]

  • Página 18

    Troubleshooting General/ - 1 General The Symptom Charts included in this chapter will help you diagnose specific symptoms related to your product. Because cures are listed on the charts in the order of most likely solution, try the first cure first. Verify whether or not the product continues to exhibit the symptom. If the symptom persists, try the[...]

  • Página 19

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Video - 2 Symptom Charts Video Screen is black, too dark, or too bright; audio and drive operate 1 Adjust contrast button on front bezel. 2 Adjust brightness. Use Screen Control Panel. 3 Check yoke cable connection. 4 Perform video adjustments. Refer to “Video” in Adjustments chapter. 5 Replace analog board. 6 Re[...]

  • Página 20

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Video (Continued) - 3 Video (Continued) Single vertical or horizontal line is displayed Note: A thin, gray, horizontal line may be visible across the bottom third of a lit screen. This line is inherent in the design of Trinitron monitors. Do not replace modules. Otherwise, 1 Replace analog board. 2 Replace CRT. Predo[...]

  • Página 21

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Video (Continued) - 4 Video (Continued) Picture breaks into diagonal lines, or picture rolls vertically or horizontally 1 Perform video adjustments. Refer to “Video” in Adjustments chapter. 2 Replace analog board. Out of convergence (color bleeds from text or lines) 1 Perform convergence adjustment. Refer to “C[...]

  • Página 22

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Video (Continued) - 5 Video (Continued) Screen jitters or flashes 1 Verify that adjacent computer equipment is properly grounded. Move electrical devices away from monitor. Temporarily shut off all fluorescent lights in area. 2 Check that all ground cables are secure. 3 Replace analog board. Out of focus 1 Perform fo[...]

  • Página 23

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Video (Continued) - 6 Video (Continued) Flashing or wavy screen or monitor emits high-pitched noise Replace analog board. Raster size too short/ tall or narrow/wide 1 Adjust horizontal or vertical size control. Refer to Adjustments chapter. 2 Replace analog board. Linearity bad (size of text/graphics differs at top, [...]

  • Página 24

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Video (Continued) - 7 Video (Continued) Raster tilted or shifted 1 Verify that adjacent computer equipment is properly grounded. Move electrical devices away from monitor. Temporarily shut off all fluorescent lights in area. 2 Perform appropriate geometric adjustments in Adjustments chapter. 3 Perform yoke adjustment[...]

  • Página 25

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Video (Continued) - 8 Video (Continued) Raster not centered 1 Verify that adjacent computer equipment is properly grounded. Move electrical devices away from monitor. Temporarily shut off all fluorescent lights in area. 2 Adjust horizontal or vertical center control. Refer to Adjustments chapter. 3 Replace analog boa[...]

  • Página 26

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Floppy Drive - 9 Floppy Drive Audio and video are present, but internal floppy drive does not operate 1 Replace bad disk with known-good disk. 2 Replace floppy drive. 3 Replace logic board. Retain customer’s SIMMs. 4 Replace floppy drive. Disk ejects; display shows icon with blinking “X” 1 Replace bad system di[...]

  • Página 27

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Floppy Drive (Continued) - 1 0 Floppy Drive (Continued) Does not eject disk 1 Insert opened paper clip into hole beside floppy drive. 2 Switch off system and hold mouse button down while switching system on (to complete eject cycle). 3 Replace floppy drive. Internal floppy drive runs continuously 1 Replace bad disk w[...]

  • Página 28

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Hard Drive - 11 Hard Drive Internal or external hard drive does not operate 1 Verify that SCSI loopback card is not attached. 2 Verify that external drive is properly terminated. 3 Replace hard drive. 4 Replace logic board. Retain customer’s SIMMs. 5 Replace hard drive. Works with internal or external SCSI device b[...]

  • Página 29

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ CD-ROM Drive - 12 CD-ROM Drive CD-ROM drive does not accept disc 1 Replace disc (if dirty or damaged). 2 Replace CD-ROM drive mechanism. Volume control does not operate correctly Replace chassis harness assembly. Macintosh cannot mount CD-ROM drive Replace CD-ROM drive mechanism.[...]

  • Página 30

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Peripheral - 1 3 Peripheral Cursor does not move 1 Check mouse connection. 2 If mouse was connected to keyboard, connect it to rear ADB port instead. If mouse works, replace keyboard. 3 If mouse does not work in any ADB port, replace mouse. 4 Replace logic board. Retain customer’s SIMMs. Cursor moves, but clicking [...]

  • Página 31

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Peripheral (Continued) - 1 4 Peripheral (Continued) Cannot double-click to open application, disk, or server 1 Remove extra system files on hard drive. 2 Clear parameter RAM. Hold down <Command> <Option> <P> <R> keys during system startup but before “Welcome to Macintosh” appears. 3 If mou[...]

  • Página 32

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Peripheral (Continued) - 1 5 Peripheral (Continued) Known-good ImageWriter or ImageWriter II does not print 1 Make sure that Chooser and Control Panel are set correctly. 2 Replace printer driver and system software with known- good. 3 Replace printer interface cable. 4 Replace logic board. Retain customer’s SIMMs. [...]

  • Página 33

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Miscellaneous - 16 Miscellaneous Clicking, chirping, or thumping sound 1 Replace analog board. 2 Replace logic board. Retain customer’s SIMMs. Smoke/odor Replace analog board. No video, no audio, and no drive operation 1 Connect power cord. 2 Switch power on. 3 Replace power cord. 4 Replace analog board. 5 Replace [...]

  • Página 34

    Troubleshooting Symptom Charts/ Miscellaneous (Continued) - 1 7 Miscellaneous (Continued) Screen shows “Sad Macintosh” icon and black vertical lines; screeching sound 1 Replace RAM SIMMs on logic board. 2 Replace logic board. Retain customer’s SIMMs. Headphone jack does not operate correctly 1 Verify that headphone jack is seated properly. 2 [...]

  • Página 35

    Service Source K T ake Apart Performa 500 Series[...]

  • Página 36

    Take Apart Rear Housing - 1 Rear Housing No preliminary steps are required before you begin this procedure. ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious personal injury or equipment damage, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. ± W arning: Never use a grounding wriststrap until after dischargi[...]

  • Página 37

    Take Apart Rear Housing - 2 Note: If the rear housing has bronze tape on the rear housing shield, remove the tape before removing the rear housing. Bend back the center ground pin on the rear housing shield about 1/8 inch. Do not replace the bronze tape. Center Ground Pin[...]

  • Página 38

    Take Apart Rear Housing - 3 1 Using a Torx screwdriver, remove the five screws. 2 Lift off the rear housing. Rear Housing[...]

  • Página 39

    Take Apart Fan - 4 Fan Before you begin, remove the rear housing. ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious personal injury or equipment damage, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. ± W arning: Never use a grounding wriststrap until after discharging the CRT. Fan[...]

  • Página 40

    Take Apart Fan - 5 Push out the two latches and remove the fan assembly. Fan Latch Latch[...]

  • Página 41

    Take Apart Analog Board - 6 Analog Board Before you begin, • Remove the rear housing • Discharge the CRT • Remove the anode cap ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious personal injury or equipment damage, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. ± W arning: Never use a grounding wrists[...]

  • Página 42

    Take Apart Analog Board - 7 1 Disconnect the two ground cables from the degauss panels. Degauss Panel Ground Cable Ground Cable[...]

  • Página 43

    Take Apart Analog Board - 8 2 Disconnect the internal microphone connector. Internal WARNING: High Voltage Areas Microphone Connector[...]

  • Página 44

    Take Apart Analog Board - 9 3 Disconnect the following cables from the analog board: • Degauss cable from BP2 (use a small screwdriver to release the latch) • CRT cable from BD1 4 Remove the wires from the cable retainer. Replacement Note: If you are replacing the analog board, remove the cable retainer and reinstall it on the new board. Cable [...]

  • Página 45

    Take Apart Analog Board - 1 0 5 Caution: Twisting, bending, or applying force to the video board assembly could damage the neck of the CRT. Be sure to pull the CRT board assembly straight off the CRT. Remove the CRT board assembly from the neck of the CRT. CRT Board Assembly[...]

  • Página 46

    Take Apart Analog Board - 1 1 6 Remove the analog board. Replacement Note: Perform the cutoff adjustment whenever you replace the analog board. See “Video” in the Adjustments chapter. Analog Board[...]

  • Página 47

    Take Apart I/O Door - 1 2 I/O Door No preliminary steps are required before you begin this procedure. Caution: Review the ESD precautions in Bulletins/ Safety. I/O Door[...]

  • Página 48

    Take Apart I/O Door - 1 3 1 Remove the two screws. 2 Push down on the two tabs and remove the I/O door. Tab Tab I/O Door[...]

  • Página 49

    Take Apart Logic Board - 1 4 Logic Board Before you begin, remove the I/O door. Caution: Follow proper ESD precautions: use a grounded workbench pad, and always wear a grounding wriststrap. Pull out the logic board. Logic Board Logic Board[...]

  • Página 50

    Take Apart Drive Bezel - 15 Drive Bezel No preliminary steps are required before you begin this procedure. Caution: Review the ESD precautions in Bulletins/ Safety. Drive Bezel[...]

  • Página 51

    Take Apart Drive Bezel - 16 Using a flat-blade screwdriver, push up the latch. Pull down and remove the drive bezel. Latch Drive Bezel[...]

  • Página 52

    Take Apart Floppy Drive - 17 Floppy Drive Before you begin, remove the drive bezel. Caution: Follow proper ESD precautions: use a grounded workbench pad, and always wear a grounding wriststrap. Floppy Drive[...]

  • Página 53

    Take Apart Floppy Drive - 18 1 Push down the latch and pull out the floppy drive. Floppy Drive Latch[...]

  • Página 54

    Take Apart Floppy Drive - 19 2 Pull out the floppy drive connector adapter. Replacement Note: Be sure to reinstall the floppy drive connector adapter on the replacement floppy drive. Connector Adapter[...]

  • Página 55

    Take Apart Floppy Drive - 20 3 Remove the four mounting screws and remove the floppy drive from the carrier. Manual-inject Floppy Drive Floppy Drive[...]

  • Página 56

    Take Apart CD-ROM Drive - 21 CD-ROM Drive Before you begin, remove the drive bezel. Caution: Follow proper ESD precautions: use a grounded workbench pad, and always wear a grounding wriststrap. CD-ROM Drive[...]

  • Página 57

    Take Apart CD-ROM Drive - 22 1 Pull up the latch and pull out the CD-ROM drive. CD-ROM Latch Drive[...]

  • Página 58

    Take Apart CD-ROM Drive - 23 2 Pull out the CD connector adapter and the CD audio adapter. Replacement Note: Be sure to reinstall the CD connector adapter on the replacement CD-ROM drive. CD Connector CD Audio Adapter Adapter[...]

  • Página 59

    Take Apart CD-ROM Drive - 24 3 Remove the four mounting screws and remove the CD-ROM drive from the carrier. Replacement Note: Replace the carrier on the new CD- ROM drive. CD-ROM Drive Carrier[...]

  • Página 60

    Take Apart Hard Drive - 25 Hard Drive Before you begin, remove the I/O door. Caution: Follow proper ESD precautions: use a grounded workbench pad, and always wear a grounding wriststrap. Hard Drive[...]

  • Página 61

    Take Apart Hard Drive - 26 1 Push down the latch and remove the hard drive. Hard Drive Latch[...]

  • Página 62

    Take Apart Hard Drive - 27 2 Pull out the hard drive connector adapter. Replacement Note: Be sure to reinstall the hard drive connector adapter on the replacement hard drive. Hard Drive Connector Adapter[...]

  • Página 63

    Take Apart Hard Drive - 28 3 R emove the four screws. 4 Remove the hard drive from the carrier. Replacement Note: Replace the carrier on the new hard drive. Carrier Hard Drive[...]

  • Página 64

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 2 9 Chassis Harness Assembly Before you begin, remove the following: • Drive bezel • I/O door • CD-ROM drive • Floppy drive • Hard drive • Logic board • Rear housing • Analog board Chassis Harness Assembly[...]

  • Página 65

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 0 ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious personal injury or equipment damage, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. ± W arning: Never use a grounding wriststrap until after discharging the CRT. 1 Discharge the CRT. 2 Press in the four latches and l[...]

  • Página 66

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 1 Chassis Harness T ake Apart Strategy Background After product introduction, Apple Service adjusted the service strategy for the chassis harness assembly in Mac TV, LC 500 Series, and Performa 500 Series computers. Originally, the chassis harness assembly was a single service assembly. As of November 1994, t[...]

  • Página 67

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 2 • Chassis 922-1824 supports the auto-insert Apple SuperDrive and CD-ROM drives earlier than the 300i+. This chassis requires a floppy drive adapter, and the CD- ROM connector bridge is about 1-1/2 inches above the CD-ROM drive bay. • Chassis 922-0557 supports the manual-insert Apple SuperDrive and CD-RO[...]

  • Página 68

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 3 For more information, refer to Apple Service Guide , Macintosh Computers, Vol. 3 (1994), page 110. Service Parts No w A vailable f or Chassis 922-1824 and 922-0557 661-0981 Shield Kit (EMI shielding) 922-1825 PCBA Front Panel (front panel control board) 922-1826 Speaker Assembly (speaker and wire) 922-0117 [...]

  • Página 69

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 4 Service Parts No w A vailable f or Chassis 661-1094 661-0981 Shield Kit (EMI shielding) 922-1825 PCBA Front Panel (front panel control board) 922-1826 Speaker Assembly (speaker and wire) 922-0117 Screw[...]

  • Página 70

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 5 Chassis Harness T ake Apart Pr ocedur es First remove the chassis harness assembly. EMI Shields 1 Remove the EMI shields in this order: lower shield, front drive and speaker shield, top panel shield. 2 Remove the front panel control board shield if it is present.[...]

  • Página 71

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 6 Speaker Assembly First remove the EMI shields. Caution: The speaker wire connections on the chassis cable bridge are very fragile. Avoid removing or replacing the speaker wires unless you need to replace the chassis or have isolated the problem to the speaker wires. (That is, replace and test the speakers, [...]

  • Página 72

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 7 1 Disconnect the speaker wire spade connector from the back of the speaker. 2 Remove the Phillips screws from the front of the speaker. Replacement Note: Detach the replacement speaker from its wires and connect the replacement speaker to the original speaker wires. Speaker W ires Note: The speaker wire con[...]

  • Página 73

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 8 3 Slide out the wire connector. Replacement Note: The analog board slides into the computer and completes the connection to the speaker wires; thus, the speaker wire connectors must sit securely in the cable bridge. 4 Slide the speaker wire connector into its position in the cable bridge and press up until [...]

  • Página 74

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 3 9 Front P anel Control Board First remove the EMI shields. 1 Disconnect the front panel control cable. 2 Remove the Phillips screw and remove the board.[...]

  • Página 75

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 0 Logic Board Connector and Cable Assembly First remove the EMI shields, speaker assembly, and front panel control board. Overview of remo val pr ocedures (Detailed steps follow the overview.) First disconnect all the connections from the top of the chassis. Then route the cables through to the underside of t[...]

  • Página 76

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 1 1 Stand at the front of the chassis, looking down at the top of the chassis, and disconnect the following in the order listed: analog board connector, CD-ROM drive connector, and hard drive connector. (The connector tabs operate much like large- scale SIMM slot connectors on logic boards.) CD-ROM Connector [...]

  • Página 77

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 2 2 Route the analog board and the CD-ROM/hard drive cables through the large square hole behind the CD-ROM drive bay. 3 Push the floppy drive cable (if present) and front panel control cable to the underside of the chassis. 4 Turn the chassis over and stand at the rear of the chassis. 5 Release the three tab[...]

  • Página 78

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 3 Overview of replacement pr ocedures (Detailed steps follow the overview.) Connect the logic board connector to the underside of the chassis, route the cables through the appropriate openings, and connect the connectors on the top and front of the chassis. After replacing the logic board connector and cable [...]

  • Página 79

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 4 2 Arrange the logic board connector and cable assembly as shown. 3 Face the connector slot of the logic board connector toward the rear and from the back of the connector route the CD- ROM/hard drive, analog, and floppy drive cables under the connector. Extend the control panel connector cable from the back[...]

  • Página 80

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 5 Logic Board Connector and Cable Assembly 1 Slide the side extension of the logic board connector down the front side of the small keyed tabs. The logic board connector will snap into place. Note: Be sure the center tab snaps into place at the same time. 2 Route the front panel control cable through the hole[...]

  • Página 81

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 6 3 Route the floppy drive cable through its opening at the back of the floppy drive bay. 4 Carefully route the analog and CD-ROM/hard drive cables through the large opening behind the CD-ROM drive bay 5 Turn over the chassis so that the top is up and the speakers are at the front, facing you. Important: Be s[...]

  • Página 82

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 7 facing the front of the chassis and the power cables facing toward the outside edge of the chassis. Slip the connector extension through the slot in the side of the chassis and slide the connector into place. 8 Position the hard drive connector with the connector slot facing the rear of the chassis and the [...]

  • Página 83

    Take Apart Chassis Harness Assembly - 4 8 1 0 To replace the speakers, front control panel board, and EMI shields, reverse the take-apart procedures above. Pay attention to the caution regarding the fragility of the speaker wire connectors and their replacement procedures.[...]

  • Página 84

    Take Apart CRT - 4 9 CRT ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious injury, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. B efore you begin, remove the following: • Drive bezel • I/O door • CD-ROM drive • Floppy drive • Hard drive • Logic board • Rear housing CRT[...]

  • Página 85

    Take Apart CRT - 5 0 • Analog board • Chassis harness assembly ± W arning: Never use a grounding wriststrap until after discharging the CRT. 1 Remove the four mounting screws and lift off the two degauss panels. Mounting Screws Degauss Degauss Panel Panel[...]

  • Página 86

    Take Apart CRT - 5 1 2 Lift off the CRT. Replacement Note: Be sure the microphone cable is not caught under the CRT. CRT Microphone Cable[...]

  • Página 87

    Take Apart Internal Microphone - 52 Internal Microphone Before you begin, remove the following: • Drive bezel • I/O door • CD-ROM drive • Floppy drive • Hard drive • Logic board • Rear housing • Analog board • Chassis harness assembly • CRT Internal Microphone[...]

  • Página 88

    Take Apart Internal Microphone - 53 ± Warning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious injury, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. ± W arning: Never use a grounding wriststrap until after discharging the CRT. 1 Push out the two latches and remove the internal microphone board and the rubber microph[...]

  • Página 89

    Take Apart Internal Microphone - 54 Replacement Note: Be sure the rubber gasket is in place before replacing the microphone board.[...]

  • Página 90

    Take Apart Front Bezel - 5 5 Front Bezel To remove the front bezel, remove the following: • Drive bezel • I/O door • CD-ROM drive • Floppy drive • Hard drive • Logic board • Rear housing • Analog board • Chassis harness assembly • CRT • Internal microphone Front Bezel[...]

  • Página 91

    Take Apart Front Bezel - 5 6 ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious injury, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. Never use a grounding wriststrap until after discharging the CRT. Review CRT safety in Bulletin[...]

  • Página 92

    Service Source K Upgrades Performa 500 Series[...]

  • Página 93

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 Macintosh Processor Upgrade Before you begin, remove the following: • I/O door • Logic board • Card in PDS slot (if any) Caution: Review the ESD precautions in Bulletins/ Safety. Note: The Macintosh Processor Upgrade kit allows 68LC040 computers to switch between a PowerPC 601 processor Macintosh Proce[...]

  • Página 94

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 2 and a 68LC040 processor. The upgrade board includes the PowerPC 601 processor on board and a socket to accept the customer’s 68LC040 processor. Note: The Macintosh Processor Upgrade for the Performa 520, 550, and 560 consists of a Macintosh LC 575 logic board, the Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card, a new re[...]

  • Página 95

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 3 follow the Macintosh LC 575 Macintosh Processor Upgrade procedures in this topic, substituting the 575 logic board, rear panel, and ID label for those installed on the Performa 550, or 560. Note: Refer to the Macintosh Processor Upgrade manual for information about specifications and troubleshooting. Note: T[...]

  • Página 96

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 4 Processor Upgrade board, 256K cache card, 040 heat sink, and hook-and-loop fasteners. If you need to order service replacement parts, order the parts separately. Note: To install the upgrade, you will need a processor removal tool. Order the removal tool as a separate service part. Note: The cache card comes[...]

  • Página 97

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 5 Installation Pr ocedure Over view There are four basic steps to installing the Macintosh Processor Upgrade. • Remove the 68LC040 processor from the customer’s logic board • Install the 68LC040 processor on the upgrade board • Install the upgrade board on the logic board • Reinstall the cache card o[...]

  • Página 98

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 6 Remov e the 68LC040 Pr ocessor from the Logic Board 1 Locate the 68LC040 processor on the logic board. 68LC040 Processor[...]

  • Página 99

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 7 2 Position the teeth of the processor removal tool in the groove between the processor and the logic board socket. Caution: Be sure to lift up on the handle of the processor removal tool. Pressing down could damage components on the logic board. Note: This graphic shows the proper way to remove a 68LC040 chi[...]

  • Página 100

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 8 3 Caution: Pry up each side of the processor only slightly to avoid bending the pins. Gently lift up the processor removal tool handle and pry up each side of the processor from the socket. 4 Remove the processor.[...]

  • Página 101

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 9 Install the 68LC040 Pr ocessor on the Upgrade Board Caution: Do not force the connector pins into the socket. Check pins to be sure none are bent. Note: The alignment corner of the 68LC040 processor is missing one pin. The alignment corner of the upgrade socket is missing a pin hole. Spacer 68LC040 Alignment[...]

  • Página 102

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 0 1 Position the 68LC040 connector alignment corner over the alignment corner of the upgrade board processor socket. 2 Carefully align the 68LC040 connector pins with the corresponding holes in the upgrade socket.[...]

  • Página 103

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 1 Caution: Forcing the 68LC040 processor connector pins into the socket could damage the pins. If the processor resists installation, check the pin alignment. Caution: Place the upgrade board on a firm even surface to avoid bending the upgrade board when pressing the processor into the socket. Caution: Use t[...]

  • Página 104

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 2 3 Hold the processor and spacer together and position the spacer alignment corner over the upgrade socket alignment corner. 4 Press the processor connector pins into the socket until you hear a snap.[...]

  • Página 105

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 3 Note: On a correctly i nstalled 040 processor, a very small gap separates the 040 chip from the metal spacer. A larger gap caused by the barrel sockets of the upgrade board separates the upgrade board and the spacer. Barrel Sockets 040 Processor Small Gap Spacer[...]

  • Página 106

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 4 Pr epare the Upgrade and Logic Boards f or Installation Note: The steps on this and the next page explain how to prepare the upgrade board to connect with the logic board. 1 Remove the 256K cache card from the upgrade board. Note: You will re- install the cache card after the upgrade board connects to the [...]

  • Página 107

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 5 Caution: The EMI clips on the bottom of the LC 575 and Performa 570 series logic boards flex easily. Do not apply heavy pressure directly to these clips or you may bend the logic board. 2 Place a piece of antistatic foam directly under the processor socket on the bottom side of the logic board. 3 Note: Thi[...]

  • Página 108

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 6 Peel the tape from the remaining sides of the two hook-and-loop fasteners. Afix the fastener in the position shown on the logic board. Hook-and-Loop Fastener[...]

  • Página 109

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 7 4 Note: This step makes room for the processor upgrade board. Move the battery from its original hook-and- loop fastener to the fastener on the chip behind the ADB ports. Battery Hook-and-Loop Fastener[...]

  • Página 110

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 8 Install the Upgrade Board Caution: Forcing the upgrade board connector pins into the logic board socket could damage the pins. If the connector resists installation, check the pin alignment. 1 Position the upgrade connector alignment corner over the logic board socket alignment corner. Upgrade Connector Al[...]

  • Página 111

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 1 9 2 Carefully align the pins along all sides of the processor and socket. 3 Firmly press the connector pins into the logic board socket. Note: After you install the upgrade board, connect the battery cable through the hole in the upgrade board and reinstall the cache card. 4 Drop the battery connector throug[...]

  • Página 112

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 2 0 5 Caution: The heat of the heat sink can melt the battery cable. Route the battery cable to avoid contact with the heat sink. Note: There are two sockets on the cache card. 6 Align the longer cache card socket with the longer row of pins on the upgrade board. 7 Firmly press the cache card onto the upgrade [...]

  • Página 113

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 2 1 Note: To install the software, refer to the Upgrade Owner’s Guide.[...]

  • Página 114

    Upgrades Macintosh Processor Upgrade - 2 2 Logic Board and Upgrade Board Returns Return the upgrade and logic boards to their original conditions before sending them to Apple. Be sure to remove the upgrade board from the logic board and reinstall the 68LC040 processor on the logic board. Replacement Caution: To avoid bending any pins when removing [...]

  • Página 115

    Service Source K Additional Procedures Performa 500 Series[...]

  • Página 116

    Additional Procedures Battery Verification - 2 Battery Verification Before you begin, remove the following: • I/O door • Logic board ± W arning: If handled or discarded improperly, the lithium battery in the computer could explode. Review battery handling and disposal instructions in Bulletins/Safety. Battery[...]

  • Página 117

    Additional Procedures Battery Verification - 3 Caution: Review the ESD precautions in Bulletins/ Safety. 1 Set the voltmeter to the 10 volts DC scale. 2 Hold the positive probe of the voltmeter to the positive end of the battery and the negative probe to the negative end of the battery. 3 If the battery voltage is below 3.0 volts, replace the batte[...]

  • Página 118

    Additional Procedures Battery Replacement - 4 Battery Replacement Before you begin, remove the following: • I/O door • Logic board ± W arning: If handled or discarded improperly, the lithium battery in the computer could explode. Review battery handling and disposal instructions in Bulletins/Safety. Battery[...]

  • Página 119

    Additional Procedures Battery Replacement - 5 Caution: Review the ESD precautions in Bulletins/ Safety. 1 Insert a small flat- blade screwdriver into the top of the battery holder cover and gently push down and out with the screwdriver to release the tab. 2 Repeat on the other end and remove the cover from the battery holder. Cover Battery Holder[...]

  • Página 120

    Additional Procedures Battery Replacement - 6 3 Grasp the battery and remove it from the holder. 4 Return the battery to Apple for proper disposal. For information on battery packaging and labeling, refer to the instructions in Bulletins/Safety.[...]

  • Página 121

    Service Source K Adjustments Performa 500 Series[...]

  • Página 122

    Adjustments Geometry - 1 Geometry B efore you begin, remove the rear housing. ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious injury, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. WARNING: High Voltage Areas Adjustment Controls[...]

  • Página 123

    Adjustments Geometry - 2 Note: The controls on this monitor require a small hex-head plastic tool to make adjustments. If the tool is long, it will be too flexible, which will make fine adjustments difficult. Use a short hex-head plastic tool to minimize flexing. ± W arning: Do not use metal alignment tools—they are a shock hazard.[...]

  • Página 124

    Adjustments Geometry - 3 V ertical Center 1 Use Display Service Utility to display the All-White Screen test pattern. 2 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the vertical center (VS) control until the raster is centered (top to bottom) in the display area. All-White Screen[...]

  • Página 125

    Adjustments Geometry - 4 Horizontal Center Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the horizontal center (HS) control until the raster is centered (side to side) in the display area. All-White Screen[...]

  • Página 126

    Adjustments Geometry - 5 V ertical Size 1 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the vertical height (VH) control until the raster height is 7 inches (± 1/8 inch) or 176 mm (± 2 mm). 2 Verify this height. If it is off, repeat the vertical size adjustment and, if necessary, the vertical center adjustment. All-White Screen[...]

  • Página 127

    Adjustments Geometry - 6 Horizontal Size Note: Due to video features and timing differences across the Apple line of Macintosh computers, the width of the raster/image area on the Performa 550 screen may vary up to 3/16 inch at each side of the screen. Perform the horizontal size adjustment to set the display to its proper width. All-White Screen[...]

  • Página 128

    Adjustments Geometry - 7 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the horizontal width (HW) control until the raster is 9 1/4 inches (± 1/8 inch) or 235 mm (± 2 mm).[...]

  • Página 129

    Adjustments Geometry - 8 F ocus 1 Use Display Service Utility to display the Focus test pattern. 2 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the focus control until the Focus test pattern is as clear as possible. Focus WARNING: High Voltage Areas Focus[...]

  • Página 130

    Adjustments Video - 9 Video Before you begin, remove the rear housing. ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious injury, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. Note: Perform the cutoff adjustment prior to adjusting the white balance. WARNING: High Voltage Areas Adjustment Controls[...]

  • Página 131

    Adjustments Video - 1 0 Replacement Note: Perform the cutoff adjustment whenever you replace the CRT or the analog board.[...]

  • Página 132

    Adjustments Video - 1 1 Cutoff Note: Perform the cutoff and white balance adjustments after the monitor has been on for at least 10 minutes. 1 Use Display Service Utility to display the Gray Bars test pattern. 2 Press the Contrast Up button and set screen contrast to maximum. Gray Bars Contrast Up Button[...]

  • Página 133

    Adjustments Video - 1 2 3 Select the Screen Control Panel in the Control Panels folder. Drag the brightness control to midrange. 4 U sing a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, set the red (RB), green (GB), and blue (BB) background controls to the full counterclockwise positions.[...]

  • Página 134

    Adjustments Video - 1 3 5 Note: To set the green and blue drive controls to their 3/4 position, turn the controls to their full clockwise position and then turn back 1/4 turn counterclockwise. Set the green (GG) and blue (BG) drive controls clockwise to their 3/4 position. 6 Set the sub-contrast control (SC) to its full clockwise position.[...]

  • Página 135

    Adjustments Video - 1 4 7 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust VG2 until the first bar in the test pattern is completely black and the second bar is barely visible. 8 Set the sub-contrast control (SC) to the center position. Gray Bars[...]

  • Página 136

    Adjustments Video - 1 5 White Balance Note: Perform the cutoff and white balance adjustments after the monitor has been on for at least 10 minutes. 1 Use Display Service Utility to display the Gray Bars test pattern. 2 Press the Contrast Up button and set screen contrast to maximum. Gray Bars Contrast Up Button[...]

  • Página 137

    Adjustments Video - 1 6 3 Select the Screen Control Panel in the Control Panels folder. Drag the brightness control to midrange. 4 Note the predominant color. 5 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, alternately adjust the red (RB), green (GB), and blue (BB) background controls until there is no predominant color in the four darkest bars. Gray B[...]

  • Página 138

    Adjustments Video - 1 7 Note: The darkest bar must remain completely black throughout the rest of the procedure. If you notice a predominant color in the darkest bar, readjust the appropriate background control. 6 If necessary, adjust the blue (BG) and green (GG) drive controls until there is no predominant color in the four brightest bars. Gray Ba[...]

  • Página 139

    Adjustments Video - 1 8 7 Check the four darkest bars, and if necessary, adjust the red (RB), green (GB), and blue (BB) background controls until there is no predominant color. Gray Bars[...]

  • Página 140

    Adjustments Video - 1 9 8 Use Display Service Utility to display the All-White Screen test pattern. 9 Using the light meter, adjust the sub-contrast control (SC) until the luminance measures 33 feet lamberts (± 3 foot lamberts), which on the light meter is • Model R77: 25 on the bottom scale • Model L-248: middle of the 10 scale • Model 246:[...]

  • Página 141

    Adjustments Video - 2 0 Important: Over time, light tolerances can vary. If you doubt your meter’s accuracy, verify the readings with a known-good light meter or photometer.[...]

  • Página 142

    Adjustments Light Meter Setup - 2 1 Light Meter Setup This topic covers setup for three light meter models: R77, L-248, and 246. Model R77 (Apple part number 076-0310) is the newest model available. Model R77 The R77 light meter is capable of reading luminance from 10 to 1,000 footcandles (fc). Before you begin, remove the 10X multiplier plate[...]

  • Página 143

    Adjustments Light Meter Setup - 2 2 from the lens. Three scales are shown on the light meter: • 200-1000 fc • 50-250 fc • 10-50 fc Because display screen luminance typically ranges from 10 to 50 fc, take readings from the bottom scale only.[...]

  • Página 144

    Adjustments Light Meter Setup - 2 3 To measure a display screen’s luminance, 1 Set the scale switch to the bottom position (to set up the 10-50 fc scale). 2 Place the lens against the middle of the screen and read the bottom scale. Note: When the light meter is not in use, slide the scale switch to its top position, and store the meter in its pro[...]

  • Página 145

    Adjustments Light Meter Setup - 2 4 readings, verify the readings with a known-good light meter or photometer. Also check the age of the R77 light meter by its four-digit manufacturing date stamp (such as 0398 for March 1998). Caution: Dropping the meter can permanently damage its accuracy. A shock-damaged meter might read incorrectly or its pointe[...]

  • Página 146

    Adjustments Light Meter Setup - 2 5 Model L-248 1 Press the red button on the back of the light meter. If the reading is out of the red area, replace the battery. 2 Move the side switch to its upper position so that the scale reads 10 through 18. 3 Uncover the lens of the meter. 4 Place the lens against the middle of the screen and press the read b[...]

  • Página 147

    Adjustments Light Meter Setup - 2 6 Model 246 1 Remove the metal slide, if installed, from the top of the light meter. 2 Install the white lens with the red dot. 3 Rotate the swivel head so the lens of the meter faces the monitor. 4 Place the lens against the middle of the screen and read the scale. Lens Swivel Head Scale[...]

  • Página 148

    Adjustments Convergence - 2 7 Convergence Before you begin, remove the rear housing. ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious injury, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. WARNING: High Voltage Areas CRT Video Yoke Convergence Controls Board[...]

  • Página 149

    Adjustments Convergence - 2 8 1 Use Display Service Utility to display the Crosshatch I test pattern. 2 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the convergence control on the CRT video board for best overall convergence. Crosshatch I Convergence Control[...]

  • Página 150

    Adjustments Convergence - 2 9 3 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the N/S amp control for best convergence of horizontal lines at the top and bottom of the screen. 4 Adjust the lower correction control for best convergence of vertical lines at the bottom of the screen. 5 Adjust the upper correction control for best convergence of ver[...]

  • Página 151

    Adjustments Geometric Distortion - 3 0 Geometric Distortion B efore you begin, remove the rear housing. ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious injury, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. WARNING: High Voltage Areas Adjustment Controls[...]

  • Página 152

    Adjustments Geometric Distortion - 31 1 Use Display Service Utility to display the Crosshatch I test pattern. 2 Verify that the boxes on the top row are the same size as the boxes on the bottom row, and the boxes on the left side are the same size as the boxes on the right side. Crosshatch I[...]

  • Página 153

    Adjustments Geometric Distortion - 32 ± W arning: The entire yoke assembly has very high voltage. To prevent electrical shock, do not touch the yoke assembly, the anode wire, or the yoke wires. 3 To determine which control to adjust, compare the display with the distortions shown. 4 Using a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the control (see[...]

  • Página 154

    Adjustments Geometric Distortion - 33 5 U sing a hex-head plastic adjustment tool, adjust the control that is appropriate for the distortion. 6 If the display is so distorted that you can’t tell which adjustments to make, perform the adjustments in the following sequence: • Pin Phase (KS) • Vertical Angle (PR) • Horizontal Bow (PB)[...]

  • Página 155

    Adjustments Geometric Distortion - 3 4 7 If the display is still distorted, repeat the vertical angle and pin phase adjustments. 8 I f you can’t correct the distortion, replace the analog board. See “Analog Board” in the Take Apart chapter. Analog Board[...]

  • Página 156

    Adjustments Yoke - 3 5 Yoke Before you begin, remove the rear housing. ± W arning: This product contains high voltage and a high-vacuum picture tube. To prevent serious injury, review CRT safety in Bulletins/Safety. Plastic Yoke Collar Yoke Clamp WARNING: High Voltage Areas Screw[...]

  • Página 157

    Adjustments Yoke - 3 6 ± W arning: Because you must make yoke adjustments from the rear of the computer, use a mirror to view the computer screen. Do not reach around the computer to adjust collars and rings. Note: If you replace the CRT, you will probably need to adjust the yoke. 1 Using an insulated Philips screwdriver, loosen the yoke clamp scr[...]

  • Página 158

    Adjustments Yoke - 3 7 2 Switch on the computer. 3 With one hand, grasp the plastic yoke collar and rotate it until the top and bottom edges of the picture are parallel with the top and bottom of the bezel.Switch off and unplug the computer. 4 Discharge the CRT. Plastic Yoke Collar[...]

  • Página 159

    Adjustments Yoke - 3 8 5 Hold the plastic yoke collar in position and carefully tighten the yoke clamp screw so that the collar cannot slip. Do not overtighten the screw. 6 Replace the rear housing and switch on the computer. 7 Verify that the top and bottom edges of the picture are parallel with the top and bottom of the bezel. Yoke Clamp Screw Pl[...]

  • Página 160

    Service Source K Exploded V ie w Performa 500 Series[...]

  • Página 161

    Exploded View 1 Screw (4) Screw (4) Screw (4) Screw Screw (5) Hard Drive* Hard Drive Carrier 922-0621 Hard Drive Connector Adapter 922-1820 Rear Housing 922-1835 Fan 922-1803 Feet 865-0051 Internal Microphone Assembly 922-1802 Front Bezel 922-1834 922-0715 (P560) Drive Bezel 922-0558 Floppy Drive Shield (metal) Floppy Drive 661-0121 Floppy Drive Ca[...]