HP Traffix Transcend Traffix Manager Bedienungsanleitung

® http:/ /www.3com.com/ Tr a n s c e n d ® T raf fix ™ Manager User Guide Software ve rsion 3.0 for Windows NT ® Part No. 09-182 5-000 Publ ished Au gust 1999[...]

3Com Corporat ion 5400 Bay front Plaz a Santa Clara , California 9505 2-8145 Copyri ght © 199 9 3C om T echnologies . All ri ghts reserved . No p art of th is doc umentati on ma y be reproduce d in any form or by an y means or used t o make a ny derivative w ork (such as translat ion, tr ansformat ion, or adaptati on) with out wr itten p ermissi o[...]

C ONTENTS A BOUT T HIS G UID E How T o Use T h e T raff ix Manager Do cume ntation 11 Convent ions 13 T e rmin ology U sed in this Gui de 1 4 Relat ed Docu mentati on 14 Document s 14 Web Si t e s 1 4 Docume ntati on Com ments 15 Y ear 20 00 Comp lian ce 16 P ART IG ETTING S TARTED WITH T RAFFI X M ANAG ER 1 T RAF FIX M AN AGER O VERVIEW What to Re[...]

P ART II H OW T RAF FIX M AN AGER W ORKS 3 C OLLECTING D ATA How T ra ffix Manager Processes C olle cted D ata 35 RMON Overview 37 Remote Moni torin g 37 RMON-2 Sta ndard 37 How T ra ffix Manager Dis covers Ne twork D evices Us ing RMON -2 38 4 G ROU PI N G N ETWORK D EVIC ES IN THE M AP Overview 39 Attrib utes 40 Predef ined Att ribu tes 40 Groupi[...]

7 D ISPLAYING N ETWORK T RAFFIC IN THE M AIN W IND OW Loading N etwork T ra ffic Data 57 Working wit h Objects in the Main W indow 58 Displaying Object Information 58 Sear ching fo r Objects 59 Selectin g and D eselecti ng Object s 59 Locating Objects in the Map 59 Disp laying Net wor k T raffi c Dat a 5 9 Displa ying Co nnection s Betw een Obje ct[...]

10 V IEWING E VENTS Overview 81 Viewi ng Even ts 82 Filt erin g Even ts 83 Summ arizing E vent s 84 Outp ut of Even ts 84 Viewing a nd Managi ng Select ed Events 85 Del eti ng Ev ent s 85 Ignorin g Devices or Co nnection s 85 Disp laying an Even t in th e Ma p 85 Disp laying an Event in th e Launch Gr aph Di alog Box 85 Forw arding Event s as SNM P[...]

12 R EPORT T YPES Report T emp lates 9 9 Activity R eports 99 T op N Repo rts 99 Connect ion Activit y Report 1 00 Device A ctivity Re port 101 Group Activity Re port 102 Segm ent A ctiv ity Rep ort 103 T o p N Connect ions Re port 1 05 T op N D evices Re port 107 T o p N Groups Report 109 T o p N Segme nts Rep ort 11 0 P ART IV A PP ENDICES AN D I[...]

C A GGR EGATI NG D EVICES Overview 129 Defaul t Aggr egation 1 29 Specif ying an Aggregation P olicy 13 0 D U SING THE S UBNETS DB F ILE Using the Subnet sDB File 133 How Su bnet Group ing Works 135 E A UTOM AT IC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT Overview 137 Co ntents of the U ser -de fined A ttri butes Co nfig uratio n File 138 File Format 13 9 Perf orming[...]

G C ONFI GURING 3C OM S TAND ALONE RMON- 2 A GENTS Dow nloa din g Fir mwar e to 3C om St anda lon e Age nts 153 Setting the Op eration al Mode on 3Com Sta ndalone RMON-2 Agen ts 154 H DHCP How T r affix Manager Monito rs DHCP D evices 1 57 What E ffect D o DHCP Devi ces Ha ve O n The Ma p? 157 I U SING RMON-1 A GENTS Monitori ng Netwo rk Se gments [...]

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A BOUT T HIS G UIDE This guid e describes T ranscend ® T raf fix ™ Manager ver sion 3. 0 for Windows NT . This app li cati on gather s, displays an d analyz es enterprise-wi de netwo rk traffic. Pr ocedur al in f ormati on on how to per f orm all t asks using T raff ix Manag er , as well as context-sen siti ve in format ion abo ut each dial og b[...]

12 A BOU T T HIS G UIDE An overvi ew of the RMON-1 and RMON-2 standa rds, and an introdu ction to h ow Traffix Manager u ses RMON-2 agents to collect d ata from your ne twork. Chapter 3 Informa tion on groupi ng devi ces to create v iews of your ne twork in the Map. Chapter 4 Proced ures for launching Tra ffix Mana ger after the first time. Chapter[...]

Conve ntions 13 Conv entions Ta b l e 2 and Ta b l e 3 l ist conventi ons that are used thr ough out thi s guide. Informa tion abou t what’s ne w in this re lease of Traffix Mana ger. Releas e Not es A list o f known prob lems in this release of Traffix Ma nager . Releas e Not es T able 1 Wher e to find specific information (continued) If you ar [...]

14 A BOU T T HIS G UIDE T ermin olog y Use d in thi s G u ide Refer to the G lossary at the end of this Use r Gui de for defini tions of terms. T e rms whi ch are define d in t he Glossar y are italicized a t their first use in t he User Guid e. Relat ed Docum entation T he foll ow ing docum ents and Web si tes c ontain use ful n etw orki ng inform[...]

Docu menta tio n Comm ent s 15 RMON-2 Pr otocol Iden tifi ers: http://www.it.kth.se/d ocs/rfc/rfcs/rfc2074.txt Miscel laneous List of th ir d-party agents whi ch are suppor ted by T raff ix Manag er: http://www.3com.com/ne twork_management/probe_interop Link s to ne twork mana g ement inf ormat ion: http://snmp.cs.utwente .nl Internet Eng ineeri ng[...]

16 A BOU T T HIS G UIDE Y ear 2000 Compliance For info rmatio n on Y ear 2 000 co mpl iance and 3Com produc ts, vis it the 3Com Y ea r 200 0 Web pag e: http://www.3com.com/pr oducts/yr2000.html[...]

I G ETTING S TARTED WITH T RAFFIX M ANAG ER Chapter 1 Traffi x Manager Overvi ew Cha pter 2 Launching T raffix M anager for the First Ti me[...]

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1 T RA F F IX M AN AGER O VERVIEW This chap ter introduces you to T raffix ™ Manager . It contai ns the following sect ions: ■ What to R ead First ■ Featur es of T raf fix M anager ■ How Does T raffix Manag er Work? ■ Strategy for N ew Users What to Read Firs t Chapters 1 –5 contai n a concep tual over view of t he pr ocesses you need t[...]

20 C HAPTER 1: T RAFFIX M ANAGER O VERVI EW The T raf fi x Ma nag er on li ne he lp con t ain s de tail ed pr ocedural inf orma ti on on how to perf orm all tasks, an d in f ormatio n about each appli catio n dia lo g bo x . The T raff ix Ma nager Re lease N otes conta in in stallat ion in format ion, a nd a list of kno wn problems wit h this r ele[...]

How Does Traffix Manager W ork? 21 ■ Indu stry sta ndards — T raffix Manag er supp orts the IE TF RMO N-2 stand ard, whi ch enabl es in form atio n ab out netwo rk and applic at ion laye r pr otocol co mmunica tion pat terns to b e collecte d. See “ R MO N Overview” on pag e 37 for more informat ion. ■ Open Database for Storage — T ra f[...]

22 C HAPTER 1: T RAFFIX M ANAGER O VERVI EW Figu re 1 T raf fix Ma nage r Gather s Data fr om the Netw ork The coll ect ed dat a is st ored i n th e da ta base , an d c hec ked ag ain st confi gur ed event rules to see whet her a traf fic event shoul d be gener ate d. S ee Chapte r 9 , “ Usi ng Eve nt Ru les” , for more info rmatio n. The T raf[...]

Strategy for New Users 23 Strateg y for Ne w Users If you hav e just begun us ing T raf fix Man ager t o monit o r your network, you shou ld do the fol l owin g: ■ Set up a li mited num ber of agent s from whi ch to coll ect data unt il you become fam ilia r wi th the dat a co llection pr ocess. Then you can config ur e other agents on yo ur netw[...]

24 C HAPTER 1: T RAFFIX M ANAGER O VERVI EW[...]

2 L AUNCHING T RAFFIX M ANAGER FOR THE F IRST T IME This c hapte r provide s inform atio n on laun ching T raffix ™ Mana ge r for the first tim e. Infor mati on on in stallin g T raffix Manag er is docum ente d in the Rele ase No tes which are shipped wi th this pr oduct. It contai ns the following sect ions: ■ Installin g RM ON Agents on Y our[...]

26 C HAPTER 2: L AUNCHING T RAF FIX M ANAGER FOR THE F IR ST T IME Launchi ng the T ra ffix Manag er Server Ther e ar e two steps to launc hing T raf f ix Manag er: you must lau nch the T r affix Mana ger serve r first and then laun ch the T ra ffix Manag er client. T o launch the T raffix Manager server: 1 Sele ct P rograms fr om the Start menu, a[...]

Laun ch ing the Tr affi x Mana ger Cl ien t 27 confi gurati on of dat a sour ces, and take you to the po in t where traf fic data i s dis play ed in the mai n win dow . The startup wizard first prompts you for the DNS do mai n(s) of those devices whic h you want to monito r in de t ail. T raf fix M anager con siders this speci fied DNS domai n t o [...]

28 C HAPTER 2: L AUNCHING T RAF FIX M ANAGER FOR THE F IR ST T IME Figu re 2 T raf f ix Manager Main W indow Stop ping T raf fix Mana ger T o st op a T raffi x Manager cli ent , cl ick Exit on the Fi le menu in the main window . T o sto p the T raffix Mana ger serve r , click Stop Server in the T r affix Control Pane l. St opp ing the serv er w ill[...]

Mai n Wi ndow Ref eren ce 29 ■ Map — Cont ai ns a graphical r epresen tatio n o f the network , showi ng the hierarchy of objects an d th e traffic flowing betwe en the m . ■ Graph Panel — Shows the most signi ficant network acti vit y of the curr ently selected o bjects i n graphi cal form. Se e Chapter 8 , “Displ aying T raf fic in Gr a[...]

30 C HAPTER 2: L AUNCHING T RAF FIX M ANAGER FOR THE F IR ST T IME Groupi ngs... Launc hes the Grou pings d ialog box fro m wh ich you can create , modify and d elete gro upings fr om this dialog box. Reload Attri butes Launches the Re load Attrib utes dialog b ox from which you reload attributes for devices in the Map. Display Ad d Conne ction s T[...]

Mai n Wi ndow Ref eren ce 31 Zoom... Launches a sub- menu in whic h you select fro m the follo wing: ■ Zoom In — Zooms i nto area conta ining curren tly select ed ob je c ts. If no obj ec ts are sel ect e d, the c urre ntly disp laye d ar ea is ma gni fie d. ■ Zoom T o — Zooms to sele cted objects , magni fying them i n the Map as much as p[...]

32 C HAPTER 2: L AUNCHING T RAF FIX M ANAGER FOR THE F IR ST T IME See Ch apter 7 , “Di spl ayin g Ne twor k T raffic in the Mai n W i ndo w” for detail ed infor mati on on wo rking with obje cts in th e ma in wi ndo w . Index Launches o nline help wit h t he Ind ex ta b sele cte d. About Launches the About Tra ffix Man ager scree n, giv ing th[...]

II H OW T RAFFIX M ANAGER W ORKS Cha pter 3 Collecting Data Cha pter 4 Grouping Network De vices in the Map[...]

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3 C OLLECTING D ATA This chap ter descr ibes how T ra ffix ™ Manager coll e ct s data from your netwo rk. It contai ns the following sect ions: ■ How T raffix Manag er Processes Collecte d Data ■ RMON Overview ■ How T raffix Manager Di scovers Network D evices Using RMON-2 How T raffix Mana ger Pr ocesse s Collec ted D ata T ra ff ix Manag [...]

36 C HAPTER 3: C OLLECTING D ATA Figu re 3 Collected D ata is added t o a Relat ional Dat abase From the colle cted data , yo u ca n bu ild up a p ictu re of no rmal level s of netwo rk tra ffic an d typi cal n etw ork usag e. Y ou can t hen conf igure ev ent rules whi ch pr ovide you with inf or mation about the traf fic on your networ k and netwo[...]

RMON O vervi ew 37 RMON Ov erview T raffix Manager supports all agents th at are compliant with the Inter net Engi nee r ing T ask For c e (I ETF) Remote MONi tori ng Management Inform atio n Ba se V ersio n 1 (R MO N-1 M IB), de fine d in R FC 175 7, and V ersion 2 (RMON- 2 MIB), defi ned in RFCs 202 1 and 2074 . The RMON sta nda rds bring the fol[...]

38 C HAPTER 3: C OLLECTING D ATA singl e segment. T raf fix Manager uses R MON-2 func ti onality to buil d up a picture of comm uni cating devic es on the netwo rk an d the traffic flowin g between t hem, i ncl uding network l ayer addr esses and pr otoc ols seen. For furthe r in formati on on RMO N-1 and R MON-2, refer to the 3Com ® RMON-1 an d R[...]

4 G RO U P I N G N ETWORK D EVICES IN THE M AP This chap ter co ntai ns the fol lowin g s ect ions: ■ Overview ■ Attrib utes ■ Groupi ngs Overview W ith T raffix ™ Mana ger , you can gr oup devic es in t he Map acco rd ing to your o wn c riter i a. Y ou can view the use of your net work by , for exa mple, cost ce nter , business unit, workg[...]

40 C HAPTER 4: G ROUPING N ETWORK D EVICES IN THE M AP Attrib utes T o un ders tan d how T raffix Ma nager g roups de vice s in the Ma p, it he lps to be fami liar with the concepts o f a ttribu tes and groupin gs . An attribute is a label f or a piece of infor mat ion abo ut a device: for exampl e, locat ion or IP address . T raff ix Man ager has [...]

Attribu tes 41 MAC Addr Only devices wh ich are in the sam e broadcast d omain as the in te rface on an RMON -2 agent will have the MAC address attrib ute assigned to the m. See “Assigning MAC Addr esses” on page 42 for an examp le of this. Vendor T he Vend or attrib ute is only a ssigned if the followi ng cri teria are met: ■ The MAC Address[...]

42 C HAPTER 4: G ROUPING N ETWORK D EVICES IN THE M AP Assignin g MA C Ad dresses When the client is firs t started, it trie s to locate the T raffix Manag er server thr ough t he use of a broad cast message. If the syste m on which the clien t is runni ng is not in the same br oadcast doma in as the server , this broadcas t mess age w ill fa il, a[...]

Groupi ngs 43 The Map shows a hie r arch ical vi ew of the devices i n your networ k accor ding to t he selected gr oupin g. By selectin g a Geographical gr oupi ng for exa mple , de vice s wil l be group ed a ccordin g to w hich coun try the y are in. W ithin each coun try , dev ices may be grou ped a cco rding to whic h city they ar e in. The hi [...]

44 C HAPTER 4: G ROUPING N ETWORK D EVICES IN THE M AP a Add appr opriate entr ies to th e SubnetsD B con figuration f ile. See Appen dix D , “Usin g the Subne tsDB File” , for details. b Either start a new d ataba se or use Reload Attrib utes... with Subnets checked to update the attri butes o f exist ing devices i n the d atabase . c Create a[...]

Groupi ngs 45 Figu re 5 Attributes dialog box The Attrib utes d ialog box d isplays, in rows, a list o f selected devices on your ne twork, a nd in columns, a li st of av ailable a ttribu tes. By d efaul t, devices currently sel ected in the Ma p are listed, w ith valu es for th e attributes that apply to the selected grouping. If no d evices are s[...]

46 C HAPTER 4: G ROUPING N ETWORK D EVICES IN THE M AP Figu re 6 Groupings dialog box[...]

III R UNNING T RAFFIX M ANAGER Cha pter 5 Launching Traffi x M anager After the Fi rst Time Cha pter 6 Configuri ng Agents for Data Col lection Cha pter 7 Displaying Network Traff ic in the Main Window Cha pter 8 Dis pla ying Traf fic i n Gr ap hs Cha pter 9 Using Event Rules Chapter 1 0 Viewing Ev ents Chapter 1 1 Overview of Rep orting Chapter 1 [...]

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5 L AUNCHING T RAFFIX M ANAGER A FTER THE F IRST T IME This chapt er pr ovides informat ion on how t o launc h T raffix ™ Ma nager , after th e firs t time. It conta ins the foll owing secti ons: ■ Launching the T raffix Manage r Server ■ Laun ching a T ra ffix Ma nager Clie nt ■ Client Access Levels Launchi ng the T ra ffix Manag er Server[...]

50 C HAPTER 5: L AUNCHING T RAF FIX M ANAGER A FTER THE F IRST T IME T o us e a r emote serv er , you must add t he I P ad dre ss of the machi ne runnin g the server to th e shortcu t in the Start m enu. T o do so , fol low thes e s tep s: 1 Sele ct Settin gs from the Start men u, and then Ta s k b a r ... 2 In the T a skba r Prope rties dial og bo[...]

6 C ONFIGU RING A GENTS FOR D ATA C OLLECTION This chapt er describe s how to use T raf fix ™ Manage r t o iden ti fy and enab le RMO N ag ents on yo ur ne twork for da ta co llecti on. It contai ns the following sect ions: ■ Supporte d RM ON Agen ts and Interfa ces ■ Finding A gents fo r Da ta Coll ection See “RMON Overvi ew” on page 37 [...]

52 C HAPTER 6: C ONF IGUR ING A GENTS FO R D ATA C OLLECTION Finding Agents for Data C ollectio n The age nts used may be devices with R MON-1 o r RMON- 2 e mbedded withi n them, such as swit ch es or hubs, or they ma y be ded icat ed stand- alone RMON pr obes. Y ou can sear ch f or compat ible ag ent s fr om the startup wiza r d an d fr om the Con[...]

Finding Age nts for Data C ollecti on 53 T o enable you to manag e larg e numb ers of collec tion a gen ts, agent folde rs can be cr eat ed i n the tree and t he agents dragged and dr opped into th em. Adding a nd Edi ting Ag ents Fr om the Conf igur e Agents dial og box you can use T raf fix Manag er to automati cally find agent s on your network [...]

54 C HAPTER 6: C ONF IGUR ING A GENTS FO R D ATA C OLLECTION Viewing Agen t Stati stics Y ou can view the stati s tics of a sel ect ed agen t fr om the Agent St at ist ics dia log box. Th is di alog bo x dis play s va rious stat istics related to SN MP commu nication with the agen t. Refer to the online he lp for mo r e de taile d inform ation abou[...]

Finding Age nts for Data C ollecti on 55 T raffix Man a ge r . Se e A ppe ndix G for mo re informat ion abo ut setti ng the mode on 3Co m standa lone RMON-2 agent s.[...]

56 C HAPTER 6: C ONF IGUR ING A GENTS FO R D ATA C OLLECTION[...]

7 D ISPLAYING N ETWORK T RAF FIC IN THE M AIN W INDOW This chap ter co ntai ns the fol lowin g s ect ions: ■ Loadin g Netwo rk T raffic Data ■ Working w ith Obje cts i n the Ma in W i ndow ■ Displ aying N etw ork T raffic D ata ■ Pr otocols, Appl ications and Fa vor ite s ■ Device Aggr egation Befor e you can d isplay traf fic da ta, you [...]

58 C HAPTER 7: D ISPLAYING N ETWORK T RAFFIC IN THE M AIN W INDOW Figu re 7 Load T raf fic dialog box Wo rking wit h Objects in t he Main Wind ow Once you ha ve loaded networ k t raf fic data , you can displ ay informati on about ob jects on your networ k, sear ch for and select obj ects, and locate objec ts in the Map . Dis playin g O bject Inform[...]

Displaying Network Traffic Da ta 59 ■ Gr ey — I nac ti ve ■ Gr een — T ransmi tting traffic only ■ Y ellow — Rec eivin g traffic o nly ■ Orange — T ra nsmittin g and receiving traffic A sele cted ob jec t is colored bl ue. The shade of grey used t o co lor the inside of a group is only use d to make it more visi ble in the Map and d[...]

60 C HAPTER 7: D ISPLAYING N ETWORK T RAFFIC IN THE M AIN W INDOW Ta b l e 7 desc ribe s the traffic d ispl ay op tion s av ailabl e from the Displ ay menu an d fr om buttons in th e main win dow . Displa ying Conn ec tion s Between Object s With two or mor e objects selected, click Add Conn ectio ns B etween to disp lay tra ffic goi ng b etwe en t[...]

Proto cols, Applicati ons and Favori tes 61 Com binin g To a n d From and Be twee n Y ou can use the T o and Fr om and Be tween opti on s in combi nati on to turn of f a subset of th e tra f fic connect ions. Remo ving an d Hiding Tr a f f i c T o remov e all tra ff ic fr om selected obje cts in the Ma p, select Re move All Connect ions from the Di[...]

62 C HAPTER 7: D ISPLAYING N ETWORK T RAFFIC IN THE M AIN W INDOW If you wan t to c han ge the pro tocol s in an a ppl icatio n, c rea te a new favorite rather than ed it a pre defin ed appl icatio n grou ping. The c once pt o f ha ving a ppl icat ions and f avo rites (colle ctio ns o f rela ted protoco l s) also appl ies also to graphs, re ports a[...]

Proto cols, Applicati ons and Favori tes 63 Y ou might then create a favorite called Server , cont aini ng b oth user -defi ned p rotocols. Y ou co uld di spla y this favo rite in the Ma p as a single col o r , to show the overal l use of both pro tocol s on yo ur networ k. T o set up a user -def ined pr otocol, you n eed: ■ The name o f th e par[...]

64 C HAPTER 7: D ISPLAYING N ETWORK T RAFFIC IN THE M AIN W INDOW ■ Y ou can only cr e ate child pr o t ocols if the pr otocol you ar e extending support s the addi tion of child pr otocol s. Many curr ent impleme ntatio ns of RMON-2 agents do not sup port user -define d pr otoc ols. If in doub t, ch eck with y our agent ven dor . Device Aggregat[...]

8 D ISPLAYING T RAF FIC IN G RAP HS This chap ter co ntai ns the fol lowin g s ect ions: ■ Overview ■ Using th e Graph Pane l ■ Using t he Launch Grap h Dial og Bo x Overview Y ou can use t he gr aph t ool s in T raf f ix ™ Manage r to anal yze mapped traf fic. The graph panel of the main window shows sum mary infor mation abou t t he most [...]

66 C HAPTER 8: D ISPLAYING T RAFFIC IN G RAPHS Using the Graph Panel The Graph Pa nel of the main window shows basi c in for mati on about the networ k activit y of select ed items in the Map as a nu mber of grap hs. Figu re 8 Graph Panel The fo llo wing grap hs of obj ects sele cted in the Map a re displ ayed in th e main window: ■ Summary Ba r [...]

Using the Launch G raph Dialog Box 67 Use the Graph Panel Sett ings di al og box to configur e the displ ay of the Graph Pane l. Figu re 9 Graph Panel Settings dialog box The opti ons for di splay ar e: ■ Units — The unit of measur ement used whe n cal culating the ch ar ts: ■ Medi a T ypes — O nly active if bits per se cond or % util iza t[...]

68 C HAPTER 8: D ISPLAYING T RAFFIC IN G RAPHS Figur e 10 Launch Graph dialog box The sett ings used to creat e the launched gr aph are those used in the Map at t he ti me you laun ch the dial og b ox. If the data is fi lte red in some way , for exa mpl e by protoco l, that f ilter ing is used when pr oducing t he graphs. Each gra ph will only use [...]

Using the Launch G raph Dialog Box 69 ■ T op Objects — Show th e bu sie s t ob je c ts. Wh ich obje ct s are consid ered d epend s on the leve l set in th e Gra ph Setti ngs d ialog box . ■ T op Conn ection s — Shows the b usiest conne ctions. Which conne ctio ns ar e consider ed depends on t he Level and Unit T o tal set in the Grap h Set [...]

70 C HAPTER 8: D ISPLAYING T RAFFIC IN G RAPHS[...]

9 U SING E VENT R ULES This chapt er describe s how to use event ru les t o analy ze th e dat a collecte d by T raffix ™ Mana ger and to info rm you of tra ffic changes on your net w or k. This chap ter co ntai ns the fol lowin g s ect ions: ■ Overview ■ Pr edef ined Eve nt Rules ■ Examples of Event Rul es ■ Conf iguri ng Ev ent Rules ■[...]

72 C HAPTER 9: U SING E VENT R ULES The ev ent rul es in T ra f fix Manage r fall in to two b road catego ries: ■ Security — An event i s gene rated when so me asp ect of n etwork securit y may have been com pr o mised. ■ Tr a f f i c — An ev ent is ge nerate d when a sign ificant change in tra f fic patter n s is dete cte d. The vari ous t[...]

Exam ples o f Event Ru le s 73 Examples o f Even t Rule s Ther e ar e a total of eight ty pes of even t rule, t he po ssible uses of which are disc uss ed below . Securi t y Event Ru les These types of ev ent rul e help you to pr otect your net work fr om unaut ho riz e d acce s s or im p roper use . Detect Unau thorized Machine Access Y ou use thi[...]

74 C HAPTER 9: U SING E VENT R ULES T raffic Even t R ules These types of event r ule hel p you to detect sign ificant chang es in t he behav io r of a machin e or connect ion. Such changes are of ten caus es or indicat o rs of pr obl ems on the ne twor k. They ma y al so in dicat e tha t some part of th e netw ork is o verl oaded , a nd co uld giv[...]

Config uring E vent Rul es 75 By appl ying t he pr otocol fi lter t o an even t rule of thi s type , you can use i t to monit or the usa g e of spec if ic ne tw or k s er vi c es on the de vi c es. For exam ple, yo u can us e this event ru le t o: ■ Monitor the a ctivity o f your e -mail servers. ■ Monitor the a ctivity o f your router . Monito[...]

76 C HAPTER 9: U SING E VENT R ULES Figur e 11 Event Rules dial og box T raffi x Manager pr ovides wizar ds to help you add and ed it event rules. Refi ning Event Ru les When you add or edi t an event r ule, you can modi fy it to monit or the traffic on y our ne twork and y our n etwork secur ity , acc ording to yo ur ow n r equir ements. Spe cifyi[...]

Using E ven t Rules 77 Spe cifyi ng the Tim e Filt er W ith certa in types of event ru le, you can sp ecify the times at wh ich rul es apply . For exam ple, you coul d choose to restrict u nauth orized tra ffic at all times , or on ly du rin g certa in perio ds . Speci fying Sen sitivity For most ev ent rule ty pes, you can specify how sensi tive y[...]

78 C HAPTER 9: U SING E VENT R ULES Maintaining Network Security Y ou can conf igure Detect N etwork Sweep Attack a nd Detect New Devices ev ent rules to gene rate securi ty events. There are event rules of both ty pes al ready pr econfigur ed. However , your firewall may be a more appr opriate sour ce of informati o n about at tack s fr om outside[...]

Using E ven t Rules 79 The Map can pr ovide you wit h immedi at e infor mation ab out whi c h devic e s ha v e bee n us i n g pa rti cu lar s er ver s. Detecting Unauthori zed Servers Y ou can use the Detect Networ k Sweep At tack rule t o spot u sers cr eat ing unauth or ized ser v er s on the net work. For exampl e, you can det ect unaut hor ized[...]

80 C HAPTER 9: U SING E VENT R ULES Imple menting Business Poli ci es Some orga nizations and netw or k admin ist r ators ha ve specific polici es abou t ho w the networ k can be used , in general or at dif feren t times of day . Detect Network Misuse and Detect Unauth or ize d Mach in e Access event r ules ar e powerful tools for dete cting behavi[...]

10 V IEWING E VENTS This chapt er desc ri bes use of the Event List . It cont ains the f ollow in g sect io ns: ■ Overview ■ Viewi ng Eve nts ■ Viewi ng an d Managing Selec t ed Even ts ■ Forwar ding Events as SNMP T raps Overview T raffix ™ Mana ger e nables yo u to create even t rules about th e traffic on your netwo rk and n etwork sec[...]

82 C HAPTER 10: V IEWING E VENTS View ing Eve nts Y ou use the Event List to displa y info rmati o n abo ut eve nts. Figur e 12 Event L ist The Event List pr ovid es the fol lowing inf ormat ion abo ut each event : ■ Acknow led ged — whether the e vent has been acknowledged . By defaul t only una cknowledged events ar e displayed. ■ Severity [...]

Viewi ng Ev ents 83 ■ The severi ty of th e even t . ■ The rule t hat gene rated the event. ■ A detai le d explan at ion of t he re ason for the event. ■ The acti vity of t he devic e befor e and after the chang e that cau sed the ev e n t. Y ou can sort, filt er , and summariz e th e displa y of events . Thes e last two operati ons are des[...]

84 C HAPTER 10: V IEWING E VENTS ■ By event rule. ■ By devi ce / grou p — Y ou can select a gr ouping and a gr oup or device. When lau nched for a p articula r gr oup or devi ce fr om the M ap, the Ev en t List show s al l ev ents in th e ev ent lo g w hich relate to the selecte d device or gr oup. Only even t s genera ted by event rule s can[...]

Viewi ng an d Manag ing Sele cted Ev ent s 85 View ing and Mana ging Select ed Events By select ing an e vent in the E vent Li st, you can carry o ut the followi ng actions. These action s do not ap ply to e vents ge nerate d by th e Colle ctor or th e Re por ter . ■ Show deta iled i nformati o n about the event. ■ Acknowle dge the even t. ■ [...]

86 C HAPTER 10: V IEWING E VENTS Forwarding Events as SNMP T ra ps By s ele ctin g an eve nt in the Even t Ge nerat io n di alog bo x, yo u ca n ch oos e to forwa r d the event a s an S NMP tra p to yo ur ow n O pen Ma nageme nt Platf orm (f or examp le, HP OpenView or SunNet Man ager ). The Event Generati on dial og bo x allows you to confi gur e [...]

Forwar ding Even ts as SN MP T raps 87 2 The MIB fi les that def ine eve nts ar e supplied by a number of enterp r ises. Sele ct 3Co m in the Ent erprise s field of the Event Con figur ation di alog box. The syst em ob ject ID corr espond s to the valu e suppli ed wi t h the SNMP T rap. 3 The list in the bot t om half of the Event Con figur ation d[...]

88 C HAPTER 10: V IEWING E VENTS[...]

11 O VERVIEW OF R EPORTING This chap ter co ntai ns the fol lowin g s ect ions: ■ Overview ■ Mana ging Repo rts ■ Strategy for Re porting ■ Ef fects of Gr oupi ng on Repo rts Overview Y ou use the repo rting to ols in T raffix ™ Manager t o pr oduce prof essiona l, multi -pag e r ep orts fr om collected dat a about the tr a f fic in yo ur[...]

90 C HAPTER 11: O VERVI EW OF R EPORTING ■ Use top N reports to det ermine an d report on the most a ctive o bjects on your net work . Her e, N i s a number betwee n 1 and 50 th at you can choose for e ach report. The dif fer ent types of r eport ar e detai led in Chapter 12 . Report Instances Y ou can set up r eport s for your sp ecific needs. T[...]

Over view 91 We ekly Rep orts These r epor t s use all da ta collected on the day specifi ed and the follow ing 6 d ays. The repo rt is gene rated in th e e arly h ours of th e da y after the last da y covered by the report. For exam ple, i f you select from Fri day t hrough to th e follo wing T hursda y ( Figur e 15 ), data c overing the 7 da ys f[...]

92 C HAPTER 11: O VERVI EW OF R EPORTING Managin g Re ports Y ou use th e Rep ort M anager to add, sche dule, edi t an d del ete r eports. Figur e 17 Report Manager The Repor t Manager has thr ee main ar eas: ■ Reports — Di splays a tree of report types, in stances, r aw data, and output. Y ou can add, edit an d delete items i n the tree . Y ou[...]

Managi ng Re ports 93 The repo rting fea tures avai labl e depend on the clien t access le vel. A read-o nly user ca n brow se e xisti ng re por ts, vi ew report deta ils, a nd view reports in the outpu t queu e. An ad ministrato r can a lso add, edit a nd dele te rep orts, chan ge report sched uling and outp ut opt ions, an d run ad hoc reports. S[...]

94 C HAPTER 11: O VERVI EW OF R EPORTING Y ou can ch oose to de lete raw dat a to re claim di sk space if requi red. See “Sett ing Glob al Report Opti ons” on pag e 96 fo r more i nforma tion a bout deletin g raw repo rt da ta . ■ Report o utput — I f yo u hav e sc hedul ed the o utpu t of a report instan ce as HTML, the gene rat ed HTML ou[...]

Managi ng Re ports 95 ■ Perio d — The time range covered by the se lected raw data or output . ■ Keep Re port — T he dat e the report is to be de leted, or K eep Forever , if the report is t o be kept ind efinite ly . ■ Stat us — Whe ther raw data or outpu t was gene rated successfull y . T o disp lay th e ge nerat io n his tory for rep[...]

96 C HAPTER 11: O VERVI EW OF R EPORTING Monitorin g Repo rt Generation and Output Use the Output Queue to view output requests tha t are due to be ru n, that a r e compl ete, or have fa iled. (R eport output could fa il if, f or exampl e, a file cannot be writt en to, or a prin ter is of f line. Se e “T roubl eshoot i ng Reports” on p age 11 6[...]

Strategy for Rep orting 97 Strateg y for Repo rting This section contains a st rat egy t o help n ew users begi n r eporting wi th T raffix Man a ge r. Getting Started One of the most b eneficial fea tur es of t he R eport Ma nager is that you can u se i t to o btain a pi cture o f yo ur netw ork ’ s usua l beh avior . The qu ickest report to run[...]

98 C HAPTER 11: O VERVI EW OF R EPORTING groups, ra ther than f or your e ntire networ k. S ee “Creat ing and Assigning Attrib utes” on pag e 44 f or more in format ion. Generate a top N Summ ary Report to Determine Objects fo r an Activity Report Y ou can run top N r eports in t wo modes: ■ Summary mod e ju st ident if i es the top N obj ect[...]

12 R EPORT T YPES This chap ter descr ibes in d etail each type of report in T raffix ™ Mana ge r . Repo rt T em plates For each kind of ob je ct — connect i ons, devices, gr oups of devices, and segment — th ere are two types o f report tem plate , activi ty and top N. Activity Reports Each activity r eport co nsists of t wo sectio ns: ■ T[...]

100 C HAPTER 12 : R EPORT T YPES ■ The la st se ctio n con tain s info rmat ion ab out th e report it self su ch as its tit le, whet her i t wa s schedu led or ru n ad ho c , and when it was cr eated. The dif feren t types o f r eport ar e describ ed in turn in the r emai nder of this chapter . Connec tion Ac tivity Repo rt This report co ntai ns[...]

Device Activity Report 101 Device Activity Repo rt This report co ntai ns de tail ed inf orma tion on each spec ifie d d evice . 2 Repor t Informati on Informatio n about the repo rt itself. T able 8 Connection Activity Report Charts (continued) Report Section Cha rt Title Des cr ipt io n T able 9 Device Activity Repor t Charts Report Section Cha r[...]

102 C HAPTER 12 : R EPORT T YPES Gr oup Activity Repo rt This r epor t con t ains det aile d informatio n on each spe cified gr oup. Ther e ar e three ways you can re port on gr oups: ■ Exte r nal — T ra f f ic fl owing i nto or out of the gr oup only ■ Inter na l — T ra ffic flow ing w ithin th e g r oup only ■ Overal l — Both e xter n[...]

Segment Activity Report 103 Segment A ctivity Repo rt This report co ntai ns de tail ed inf orma tion on each spec ifie d se gmen t. Fo r the purpo ses of r eporting, it is assumed that each separat e segment of your net w or k is moni tor ed by an agent i nt erface. Many sit es (particular ly in a switch ed envir onment) have large numbe rs of seg[...]

104 C HAPTER 12 : R EPORT T YPES Error History With Bas eli ne A baseline cha rt showing the actual total number o f error packe ts over the report period a s a line . This is ove rla id o n ban ds re pre sen t ing nor mal, bor d erl ine and unusu al er ror total s . Th ese basel ines are c alc ulate d usi ng a st at is tica l a naly sis of dat a f[...]

Top N Connecti ons Rep ort 105 T op N Conn ec tio ns Repo rt This report calcu lates the top N co nnectio ns by total oc tets sent and r eceived over the report perio d. A conn ecti on can be one o f th e following: ■ A single conversati on be twee n two device s ■ The total of multi ple conv ersatio ns bet ween a devi ce and a gr oup ■ The t[...]

106 C HAPTER 12 : R EPORT T YPES ■ “From US at Coun try level to UK at City level” tells yo u which cities in the U.K. communi cated most with the U.S. ■ “From US at Device leve l t o UK at Device level ” tells you the busie st conne ct ions betw ee n individual devi ces in th e U. S. and U.K., suc h as server1 to pc-42 or pc 48 to ukSe[...]

Top N Devices Report 107 T o p N Devices Repo rt This report calcu lates the top N d evices by total o ctets sent and received, and by the number of “hits” over th e re p ort period. Y ou can limi t the report to co nsi der only d ev ices wit hin a spe cif ied group. For e xample: ■ Sele ct th e Traffix r oot group and the report te lls you t[...]

108 C HAPTER 12 : R EPORT T YPES 1.2 Top Devices By Hits A stacked bar chart containing the top N de vices as measur ed by total hits , brok en do wn by pr otocol. A hit is a co nversa tion o f a par ticular protoc ol be tween th e device and a nothe r devic e. Protoc ol Distributi on Of Top Device s A pie cha rt showin g the top 10 p roto cols see[...]

Top N Gro ups Rep ort 109 T o p N Groups Repo rt This repo rt calc ulate s the top N g roups by tot al oct ets se nt an d receive d over t he r eport peri od. Y ou can l imit th e r eport to co nsider only g ro ups at a spe cifi ed l evel in th e gro uping scheme within a p arent group. Some exa mples of gr oup r eport s ar e: ■ Geograp hic a l g[...]

110 C HAPTER 12 : R EPORT T YPES T o p N Segmen ts Repo rt This r epor t calcul ates the t op N segments by ut ili z at ion, and by percenta ge of er rors. For most networks it is su f ficient to allo w T raffix Manag er to sele ct automati cally the top N segmen ts by se lecting A ll Seg men ts for th e top N segments r eport. Sinc e it is possibl[...]

Top N Se gments Report 111 Utilization History A multi ple line char t showing the h i story of the utilization for e ach of the N segments over the re port period. Utilization Health Chart An alternat ive way of view ing the ut ilization history. Utilizatio n values a re show n as c ells w ith the cell color indicati ng the band of utili zatio n. [...]

112 C HAPTER 12 : R EPORT T YPES Utilization History With Basel ine A baseline chart s howing th e actual util izati on over th e repo rt pe ri od as a l ine . Thi s i s over la id o n ban ds represe ntin g normal, b orde rli ne a nd unusual util iz ati on. These basel ine s are cal cula ted usin g a st atist ical an alysi s of data from prev ious [...]

IV A PPENDICES AND I NDEX Appe ndix A Tr oublesh ooting Traf fix Mana ger App end ix B Database Manageme nt Using Traffix Control Pan el App end ix C Aggregating Devi ces Appe ndix D Us ing the SubnetsDB File Appe ndix E Aut omatic At tribute Assignment Appendix F Supported RMON-2 Devi ces Appe ndix G Conf iguri ng 3Com Standalon e RMON -2 Agents A[...]

[...]

A T R OUBLESHOOTING T RAF FIX M ANAG ER This appen d ix is di vided in to two sect io ns: ■ T r oublesho ot ing T raf fix Man ager ■ T r oublesho ot ing Rep orts For in formati on on rep ortin g pro blems to 3Co m, se e A ppe ndix K , “T echnical Suppo rt” . T roubl eshooti ng T ra ffix Manager Ta b l e 1 6 cont ains des cripti ons o f prob[...]

116 A PPENDIX A: T ROUBLESHOOTING T RAFFI X M ANAGER T roubl eshooti ng Repo rts See Chapter 1 1 , “Overv iew of Reporti ng” for informat ion on the reportin g fe atu res of T raffix Ma n a ge r. Diag nos i ng Reporti ng Pr oblems Ta b l e 1 7 co ntai ns de scri ption s of p roblem s yo u mig ht e ncoun ter w hen using the reporting too ls in T[...]

Troubl eshooti ng Rep orts 117 T able 17 Diagnosing Reporting Proble ms Problem Cau se Solution Raw report fails whe n running ad hoc or schedul ed reports. Database directory is full (raw re po rt d ata i s stored in th e database ). ■ Incre ase the d isk space availabl e to t he d a tabase. ■ Delete unused ra w report data to reduce the datab[...]

118 A PPENDIX A: T ROUBLESHOOTING T RAFFI X M ANAGER Reports take very long time to run. Reports using large amounts of da ta can take some time to complete. ■ Spee d up ad hoc report generation b y generating repo rts for fewer nu mbers o f devices, grou ps, protoc ols or segme nts. ■ Schedule reports to run overnig ht rather th an runn ing ad[...]

Troubl eshooti ng Rep orts 119 “ERROR could not open output file: <filename>” in ev ent viewer . The reporter was unabl e to c reat e an output f ile. This i s mos t often c aused by i nsuffici ent pe rmis sions — y ou do not have permissio n to create outp ut files where requested . T able 17 Diagnosing Reporting Proble ms (continued) [...]

120 A PPENDIX A: T ROUBLESHOOTING T RAFFI X M ANAGER[...]

B D ATABASE M ANAGEMENT U SING T RA F F IX C ONTROL P ANEL This appen d ix cont ai ns: ■ Overview of T raf fix Contr ol Panel ■ Overview of Da tabase Applicati ons ■ Upgr adin g T ra f fix Mana ger 2.0 Overview of T raffix Control Panel Fr om the T raf f ix Contr ol Panel, you ca n manage the operati on of the T raffix ™ Serve r , and the s[...]

122 A PPENDIX B: D ATABASE M ANAGEMENT U SING T R AFFIX C O NTROL P ANEL Figur e 18 T raffix Contr ol Panel These appl ications help you t o man age and organize a num ber of databases, for ex ample, if you wan t to keep e xtra da tabases fo r backu p purpo s es or to provid e sna p sh ots of your ne two rk or port io ns of you r networ k over ti m[...]

Overvi ew of Databas e Applic ations 123 ■ The amount of fr ee disk space r ema ining on your PC for data collectio n to th e data base. ■ The loca tion o f HTML reports. From this dial og b ox, y ou can l aunc h the fol lowin g op era tions: ■ Create a new da tabase to write d ata from the n etwork to. Unless yo u want to ge t rid o f the co[...]

124 A PPENDIX B: D ATABASE M ANAGEMENT U SING T R AFFIX C O NTROL P ANEL ■ The amount of hour ly and daily data whic h has al ready been colle cted. In thi s dial og b ox, yo u ca n spec ify the maxim um amou nt of data t hat you wa nt th e T raffix Manager da tabases to hold alto gether . Y ou can carry o ut the fo llowing operation s from the D[...]

Overvi ew of Databas e Applic ations 125 3Com r ecommends that you ba ck up your database r egularly , the fr eque ncy depen ding on how importan t your tr end data i s to the way you monito r your net w o r k. If you want to view a nd r eport on your weekly data, you should back up your data base once a week. If viewi ng and stori ng your tr end d[...]

126 A PPENDIX B: D ATABASE M ANAGEMENT U SING T R AFFIX C O NTROL P ANEL This dial og box also all ows you to select whether T raffix Man ager star ts automati cally every time yo u log on t o you r machine. Default DNS Domain Allows yo u to set a d efault DNS dom ain, if you wish to change the pr eviou sly co nf igur ed defaul t. Y ou can specify [...]

Upgrading Traffix Manager 2 .0 127 Deinstalli ng T r affix Mana ger 2.0 T o d einstall T raffix Ma nager 2.0 for NT : 1 Close T raff ix Mana ger and all rel ated proce sses. T o check which pr ocesses are running, ri ght-cl ick th e Windows NT T askbar and select T as k Man ager . Th e Appl icat ions a nd Processes ta bs contai n a list o f any a c[...]

128 A PPENDIX B: D ATABASE M ANAGEMENT U SING T R AFFIX C O NTROL P ANEL 1 T o displ ay a pr ogram gr oup, right -cli ck Start a nd sel ect Open All Users . Double -click a pr ogram entry to di splay the pr ogra m gro up. 2 Right-cl ick the control button in the top left cor ner of th e T raf fix Manag er pr ogram gr oup ti tle bar . 3 Fr om the dr[...]

C A GGR EGATING D EVICES This appe ndix des cribe s: ■ Overview ■ Defaul t Agg regation Overview Aggreg ation re duces th e amount of memory an d disk resour ces r equir ed by T raffix ™ Manage r by colla ting th e data coll ected fo r many device s into a single de vice. For example, in sites wher e there i s a lot of In ternet traf fic, som[...]

130 A PPENDIX C: A GGREGATING D EVICES Specif yin g an Aggregatio n Po lic y T o agg rega te de v ic e s on a par t icu la r ne twor k, it is nec e ss ary for the aggrega tor to be co n f ig u red for tha t net w ork . Th i s is don e by spe c ifyi ng an a ggr egation polic y . Once an agg r egation po licy has be en config ur e d, it onl y af f ec[...]

Default Aggregatio n 131 Select ing t he Defau lt Agg regation A ction The defau l t aggr egation act ion is the met ho d of aggreg atio n appli e d t o netwo rk d evi ces w hich hav e a DN S n ame, but w hich are no t cont ai ned withi n one of t he local DN S domai ns. Ther e ar e three de fault ag gr egation action s, f r o m which you can selec[...]

132 A PPENDIX C: A GGREGATING D EVICES If l ayer 2 above the n ame is select ed, t he d evice offi ce .acm e.co m is aggr egated i nto the device r epresent ing .com . If a netwo rk d evic e do es n ot h ave th e se lecte d la yer a bove the name, t hen the devi ce is aggr ega ted int o a device rep rese nting t he highest DNS layer possibl e. offi[...]

D U SING THE S UB NETS DB F ILE Using the Subnets DB File This faci lity al lows you to gro up the devi ces on your net work by subnet. Click Subnets Ed ito r in the T raffix ™ Contr ol Pan el to ed it the sub net defini tion file , whic h co ntai ns inform atio n ab out s ubnet groupin gs. T his file ca n be edit ed and re applied at any ti me. [...]

134 A PPENDIX D: U SING TH E S UBNETS DB F ILE Subnet masks must c omply wi th t he p rimary in ternet netwo rk cl ass typ es by coveri ng at a mi ni mum the part of the addr ess that r epr esents the network b its. In Ta b l e 1 8 , * is any numb er between 0 and 255. T able 18 Subnet Masks If a subne t mask spans mor e than one cl ass A/ B/C subn[...]

Using the S ubnetsD B File 135 4 If you al rea dy have devices showin g in the Map, r el oad the subn ets attribu tes us ing the Relo ad Attri butes d ialog box, wh ich you acces s from the Ed it menu in the mai n wind ow . 5 Cr e ate a subnets gr oupi ng. See “Pr edefined Gr oupings” on pag e 43 fo r inform atio n on how to c reate a site- spe[...]

136 A PPENDIX D: U SING TH E S UBNETS DB F ILE For exampl e, if t he Subn etsD B file w as to c ontai n the fol lowin g entries wi th the same subnet add r ess: Any device matchi ng both of th ese subnets woul d be placed in Gr oup 2, as this has 16 set bits in its subnet ma sk, wher eas Group 1 ha s only 8 set bits. ■ If a devi ce matche s two s[...]

E A UTOMAT IC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT This appe ndix des cribe s: ■ Overview ■ Cont ents of the U ser -def ined A ttribu tes Co nfig uratio n File ■ Perform ing A ttribut e Assign ment ■ Using th e file attrs Program ■ Using th e dbloo kup P rogram ■ Writin g you r o wn pro gram Overview Auto matic a ttribute a ssignmen t within T raffix[...]

138 A PPENDIX E: A UTOMATIC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT By editi ng the u ser -defi ned attrib ute s configu ration file, you select wh ich programs are used to dete rmine attribu tes for o bjects. Y ou ca n use the standar d progr ams sup p lied, or you can cr eate your own cust om pr ograms. Ther e ar e two standard pro grams and one example pr ogram [...]

Contents of the User-defi ned Attribute s Config uratio n File 139 File F ormat Lines begi nning wi th # ar e comments and ar e ignor ed. All oth er li nes take the fo rm: <Name> <label> <filena me> <arguments> <flag> ■ <lab el> is u sed in the collecto r event logs to refer your attribu te look up pr ogram. Ot[...]

140 A PPENDIX E: A UTOMATIC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT Perform ing Attrib ute Assign ment Attribute assign ment is ca rried ou t on any n ewly discove red devices. In addit ion, you can for ce a r ef r esh at any time by using the Reload Attrib utes di alog box. Refer to th e onli ne he lp f or the R elo ad Attri butes dialog box fo r more inform ation[...]

Using the fi leattrs Program 141 Confi guratio n Fi le Exa mpl e 2 T o as sig n us e r an d ope ra tin g sys te m info rm at io n to de vic e s ba s e d up on their ad dress: *KEY:2 *ATT:NL Type, NL Addre ss, User, O/S IP, 104.240.20.10, Joe Bloggs, Solaris 2.5 IP, 104.240.20.8, Joe Bloggs, Windows 95 IP, 104.240.20.13, Joh n Smith, Solaris 2.5 IP,[...]

142 A PPENDIX E: A UTOMATIC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT The KEY attribute( s) for that device can b e any of th e attributes wh ich are assigned au t omati c al ly by T raf fix Manag er , for example, NL Addr ess and NL T yp e. Se e “Predefin e d Attr ibute s ” on pag e 40 for a list of attribute s which ar e automati cally assi gned by T raf fix Ma[...]

Using th e dblo okup Program 143 netwo rk-ty pe look up tabl es : for examp le, a data base cont aini ng only IP_1 and othe r_2 lookup-t ables i s vali d. For speci fic inf ormati on about A ccess or Excel lo okup-tables, see bel ow . Default V alues Device s may b e assign ed de fault values. If no full m atch was found for the current device, dbl[...]

144 A PPENDIX E: A UTOMATIC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT Excel W o rksheet The lookup-tabl es are stor ed in Excel named-r anges. Loo kup named-ra nges can be stor ed on separate worksheet s or in the same worksheet . T o cre ate a named-rang e, simply sele ct the cel ls contain ing your data, select Insert/ Name/Def ine fr om the menu, supply a na me fo[...]

Writi ng your ow n pro gram 145 Then, when a device is di scover ed, dblo okup d oes t he fo llo wing: 1 dblo okup builds a SQL string wit h the devi ce’s key a ttribute s values and runs a query agai nst the da ta base to find a match . 2 If no m atc h is foun d, it waits for the next d evic e. 3 Otherwis e it takes the best match, that is to sa[...]

146 A PPENDIX E: A UTOMATIC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT (ther e is one versio n in Visual Basic and one in C) : Figur e 19 Simple attribute lookup pr ocess in C while ( GetNextLookup( ) ) { if ( strcmp( GetAt tribute( "NL Type" ), "IP" ) == 0 ) SetAttribute( "New Device", "TRUE" ); } Figur e 20 Simple attribute lo[...]

Writi ng your ow n pro gram 147 an attri bute New Devi ce t o the value TR UE. NL T ype is a bu ilt-in attribute which is always set to the network type of a device. T his means that e very IP device is assi gned the a ttribute New Device with a value of TRUE. ■ Becaus e of the whil e lo op in the pr og r am, the prog ram keeps assigning a ttribu[...]

148 A PPENDIX E: A UTOMATIC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT The C exa mpl es are locat ed in C:T ra nsc en d Tr affi x Mana gerTr affi xSer ver exam ples c and the Visual Basic examples ar e in C:Tra nsce nd T raff ix Mana gerTr affi xSer ver exam ples vb . Y ou should cop y one of these sampl es to your own dir ectory be for e modi fyin g it . Attr[...]

Writi ng your ow n pro gram 149 Other points t o no te abo ut user -def ined attr ibut e l ookup pr ograms: ■ If your pr ogram exit s pre maturel y , for exa mple, it crashes, then the T ra ff ix S ervic e stops . Ther efor e you must en sure th at y our pr ogram i s r eliable. ■ Y our prog ram must sta rtup wit hi n 30 secon ds. This mea ns t [...]

150 A PPENDIX E: A UTOMATIC A TTRIBUTE A SSIGNMENT attribu te loo kup programs which d epen d on t he N ame, NL T ype, NL Address, Ne twork or DNS a ttribute s. Run the pr ogra m AttrLooktest.exe in <ins talldi r>Tr affi xSer ver (thi s is not o n the Windows Start Menu). The pr ogram displa ys a dialog box whi ch allows y ou t o run an attri[...]

F S UPPORT ED RMON-2 D EVICES 3Com Age nts The curr ent list of 3 Com a gents i s a vailab le fr om the 3Com web sit e: http://www.3com.com/ne twork_management/probe_interop Using Fir mware versi on 4.17 , the agen ts support a ll RM ON-1 and RMON -2 gr oup s. V ersi on 4.1 0 o r later is ne ede d on th e si ngle p ort an d dual por t agen t s for [...]

152 A PPENDIX F: S UPPORTED RMON-2 D EVICES[...]

G C ONFIGU RING 3C OM S TAND ALONE RMON -2 A GENTS This appen d ix cont ai ns the following sect ions: ■ Downloa ding Firm ware to 3Com S t andalo ne Agen ts ■ Setti ng th e Op erati onal Mod e on 3Com Standa lone RMON - 2 Agent s Downloading Firmwar e to 3Com Standalo ne Ag ents Y ou should always run t he latest versio n of manageme nt soft w[...]

154 A PPENDIX G: C ON FI GURING 3C OM S TANDALONE RMON-2 A GENTS CAUTIO N: Down loadin g firmwa re to an agent ca uses the agent to col d restart. R efer to th e Fir mware U pgrad e docume ntatio n or your ag ent docu men tatio n for a de scrip tion of th e da ta l ost w hen an a gen t is col d restarted. The la test versio n of the Firmwa re Upgra[...]

Setting the Ope ration al Mo de on 3Com Stan dalone RMON-2 Agents 155 ■ T raffix Mode Sets appropriate table size s on the device fo r use wi th T raffix Man age r. ■ Of f Disables RMON- 2. With RMON-2 disabled you can downl oad Smart Agent ® software to the device. If you di sable RMON- 2 on an agen t which suppo r ts both RMON standar ds, RM[...]

156 A PPENDIX G: C ON FI GURING 3C OM S TANDALONE RMON-2 A GENTS[...]

H DHCP This appen d ix contains t he follo wing secti ons: ■ How T raf fix Manager Monitors DHC P Devices ■ What Effect Do DH CP D evices Have O n The Map? How T raffix Manage r Mo ni to rs DHCP Devices T raffix ™ Manag er norma lly uses th e Network Layer Add r ess (for e xample, IP addr ess, IPX addr ess) as the uniqu e way to identi fy obj[...]

158 C HAPTER H: DHCP (with the old MAC a ddress ) will also remai n on the M ap. There w ill ther efore be two devices on the M ap wit h t he same IP add re ss, althoug h with different MAC addresses. Any conver sation data retrieve d for this IP addr ess is subse quent ly assigned t o t he new devi ce. This continue s until the next ti me T raffix[...]

I U SING RMON-1 A GENTS Monito ring Network Segm ents Using RMON-1 Agents Many sit es (particular ly in a switch ed envir onment) have large numbers of networ k segme nts, and it may be to o exp ensive to monitor al l segments with RMON- 2 agents . Y ou can use any ex isting embedded RM ON-1 only devices (h ubs, switches, r outers etc.) instead , t[...]

160 A PPENDIX I: U SING RMON-1 A GENTS[...]

J RMON AND SNMP T ABLES R ETRIEVAL This ap pen dix lists the SN MP tab les r etrieved by T raf fix ™ Mana ger . Refer to the f ollow ing UR Ls for de scription s of R MON tab les: ■ RMON-1 Requ est for Co mment : http://www.it.kth.se/d ocs/rfc/rfcs/rfc1757.txt ■ RMON-2 Requ est for Co mment : http://www.it.kth.se/d ocs/rfc/rfcs/rfc2021.txt ?[...]

162 A PPENDIX J: RMON AND SNM P T ABLES R ETRIEVAL RMON-2 prot oDis t no For protocol di stribution (repo rts only) RMON-2 addre ssMap no Network Layer to MAC address mappi ng RMON-2 alMatrixTopN / alMatrix / nlMatrixTop N / nlMa trix At least on e must be suppor ted for RMON-2 data RMON-2 conversation traffic T able 24 SNMP T ables Used By T raf f[...]

K T ECHNICAL S UPPORT 3Com ® provides easy access to technical support in fo rm atio n through a vari et y of servi ces. Thi s appendi x describes these ser vices. Informati on cont ained in t his append ix is cor rect at time of publica tion. For the mos t r ecent information , 3Co m r ecommends that you access the 3Com Corpora tion W orld Wide W[...]

164 A PPENDIX K: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT 3Com F TP Site Downlo ad drive rs, pat ches, so ftware, and M IBs across the Int er net from the 3Com pu blic F TP site. T his servic e is ava ilable 2 4 hours a day , 7 days a week. T o conn ect to the 3C om F TP sit e, ente r the fol low in g info rm at io n in to your F TP client: ■ Hostname: ftp.3com .com [...]

Support from Your Netw ork Supp lie r 165 Acce ss by Digi tal Mode m ISDN use rs can dia l in to the 3Com BB S usin g a di gital modem f or fa st access up to 64 Kbps. T o access the 3Com BBS usin g ISDN, cal l the follow ing numb er: 1 847 26 2 600 0 3Com F acts Automated Fax Service The 3Com Facts automa ted fax servi ce pr ovides technica l arti[...]

166 A PPENDIX K: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT When you contact 3Com for assista nce, have the fol lowing i nformatio n r eady: ■ Pr oduct model na me, part number , and seria l number ■ A list of system hard ware an d software , including r evi sion levels ■ Diagnostic err o r messages ■ Detai ls ab out r ecent config uratio n change s, if applicabl[...]

Returning Products fo r Repair 167 Retur n in g Produc ts for Rep air B e f or e you send a pr oduct di re ctly to 3Com for r epair , you must fir st obtai n an authoriz at ion nu mber . Pro ducts sen t to 3Com wi thout author izat ion nu mbers will be r eturned to the sender unopene d, at the send e r’ s ex p e nse . T o obtai n an au thori zati[...]

[...]

G LOSSARY agen t A standal o ne or embed ded so ur ce of RMON-1 or RM ON-2 da ta. aggrega tion The pro cess of add ing the data f ro m multipl e devices in the same domain, and r epresenti ng those devi ces as a simple “aggr egated” device. Used to limit database growth. applic ation As use d in T raffix ™ Ma nag er , this is a group ing o f [...]

170 G L OSSARY bit Either of t he digit s 0 or 1 when used i n the binar y numerat ion system. Eight bits e qua ls a sing le byte. broadca st All g ood frame s destined fo r the broadcast a ddress, in other w ords sent out to all sta tion s on the netwo rk. Som e broadcasts are limi ted to the local network, an d some br oadcasts may c r oss on to [...]

G LOSSARY 171 of the destinat ion IP addr ess, the station sends the message to the destin ation st ation. Due to th e stati c natu re of DNS, it c an only be used when networ k stati ons have sta tic IP addr esses obtained thr ough manu al co nfig urati on, BO OTP or DHC P in stat ic mo de. doma in Part o f the nami ng hie rar chy used on t he Int[...]

172 G L OSSARY IP (n etwork) address In ter net Protocol a ddress. A unique i dentifie r for a devi ce attach ed to a network using TCP/I P . The address is written as fo ur octets separa ted with fu ll- stops ( periods) , and is mad e up of a netw ork pa rt, id entif ying which network the dev i ce r esides on, and a host pa rt, ident ifyin g indi[...]

G LOSSARY 173 OSI Open Systems Inter connection, a body of standard s set by the Inter natio nal S tanda r ds Orga nizatio n to d efine the ac tivities that m ust occur when computer s communica te. The OSI Ref er ence Model is a 7-laye r framewor k within whi ch communications pr otocols an d standar ds have been define d. pac ket A unit of inform[...]

174 G L OSSARY separate d by period s. Devices and routers use the mask to id entify the subnet on which a device r esides. switc h A device which fil ters, for war ds and flood s packets based on the packet’ s destinat ion addr ess. The swi tch lea rns the addr esses associated with eac h switch p ort and b uilds table s based on this in formati[...]

I NDEX Numbers 3Com Bull eti n Bo ard Se rv ice ( 3Com BB S) 16 4 3Com K now ledg eba se Web Serv ices 163 3Com URL 163 3ComF acts 1 65 A Access tabl es dblo okup pr ogram 143 ackn owledg ing even ts 85 activity r eports 89, 99 ad hoc re ports 90, 94 Add Agents dialog box 53 adding agent s 53 connec tio ns be twee n obje cts 60 connections to and f[...]

176 I NDEX B Bulletin Board Se rvice 164 C client acces s leve ls 50 admi nist rat or acc ess 50 descripti on 37 launching a fter the first ti me 49 launching for the first time 26 re ad- only user 50 runn ing mul tiple clie nts agai ns t a si ngl e server 50 cold restart losing data 154 colle cti ng da ta addi ng agents 53 disabl ing ag ents 52 ed[...]

I NDEX 177 network sweep attacks 73 new devi ces on your n etw ork 73 unauthori zed machine access 73 devi ce a cti vit y r epor t contents 101 devi ce a ggr egation default a ggregati on ac tion 131 local do main speci fication 130 local do mains 130 overvi ew 23, 64 setting m aximu m dev ice lim it 132 speci fying a ggrega tion policy 130 devi ce[...]

178 I NDEX exce pting de vices o r conne ction s fr om rul es 85 filt er ing 8 3 forwardi ng as SNMP tr aps 86 generati ng 20, 36 ignori ng devi ces or c onnec tions 85 modifyi ng 85 monitorin g critical conne ctions 75 monito ring crit ical devices 74 monitorin g long term tre nds 77 monitorin g network r esour ce usage 74 monitorin g network tr e[...]

I NDEX 179 HTML can’ t find HTML fil es? 117 inde x fi le 94, 9 5 lifetime of files 96 re port dir ectory , moving an d linkin g to 94, 95 serving di re ctory to W eb server 94, 95 tro ublesho oting 117 viewin g report ou tput 95 I interface types supporte d 51, 151 invalid IP addre sses 53 IP addresses default gateway device 170 DNS doma ins 13 [...]

180 I NDEX detect ing u nautho rized mac hine a cce ss 73 general rules 78 network supplie r support 165 network traf fic typical 36 network traf fic rules conf igur ing e ve nts 71 monitorin g critical conne ctions 75 monito ring crit ical devices 74 monitorin g long term tre nds 77 monitorin g network r esour ce usage 74 monitorin g network tr en[...]

I NDEX 181 report d i r ectory linking to HTML reports 94, 95 report f o rmats 9 6 report i nstances overv iew 9 3 Rep ort Mana ge r 92 displa ying i nforma tion ab out output stat us 92 displa ying i nforma tion ab out raw data 92 displaying information abo ut r eport instances 92 interpr e ting raw data and HTML output 94 interpr e ting su mmary [...]

182 I NDEX RMON-2 S tandar d mode descripti on 154 setting 54 RMON-2 T raf fix m ode descripti on 154 setting 54 rules. See events runn ing mul tiple clie nts agai ns t a si ngl e se rver 50 S scenari os re porting 97 schedul i ng r eports 90, 92, 94 sear chi ng for ob jects i n the main wi ndow 59 security conf igur ing e ve nts 71 detecti ng netw[...]

I NDEX 183 T r affix Mana ger assigning attrib u tes automatica lly 137 databas e ma nagem ent 121 to 126 featur es 20 getting started 19, 23 how it works 21 how to us e the docu ment atio n 11 launching after the first tim e 49 launching for the first ti me 25 launchi ng with no data collected 52 main windo w 27, 28 menu opti ons 29 monitoring DHC[...]

184 I NDEX[...]

3Com Corporation L IMIT ED W ARRANTY T ranscend ® Tr a f f i x ™ Manage r 3.0 for Windows NT ® S OFTWA RE 3Com warrants that each softwar e program licensed from it will perform in substantial con formance to its program speci fications , for a period o f ninet y (90) day s from the da te of purc hase from 3C om or its auth ori zed rese ller. 3[...]

THE ALLEGED DEFECT OR MALFUNCTION IN THE PRODUCT DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY CUSTOMER’S OR ANY THIRD PERSON’S MISUSE, NEGLECT, IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR TESTING, UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO OPEN, R EPAIR OR MODIFY THE PRODUCT , OR ANY OTHER CAUSE BEY OND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE, OR BY ACCIDENT, FIRE, LIGHTNING, OTHER HAZARDS, OR ACTS OF G[...]